11 October 2026

Three Major Theatrical Hubs: Atlanta

 

A Supplement to the Regional Theater Series

[In the New York Times last summer, incumbent artistic director of the Public Theater in New York Oskar Eustis announced his retirement from the company effective in two years (“Nurturer of Theater Intends to Move On,” 23 July 2026 [Section C: “Arts”]).  He also declared, “I think the American nonprofit theater movement is over.”

[“That doesn’t mean any individual theater is over,” Eustis added.  “But every individual theater is having to make its own case and come up with its own business model.”  In several past posts on Rick On Theater, readers have heard that the American theater, especially the regional and resident companies, is in crisis (see, for instance, “A Crisis In America's Theaters” [13 September 2023]).

[(There’s a list [with links] of blog articles about regional theater in the U.S. at the top of "Defying the Odds Far From Broadway" by Michael Paulson [22 December 2025].)

[The current issue of the Theatre Communications Group magazine American Theatre is publishing a series of short articles that attests to the belief, according to Kelundra Smith, publisher of AT, “that the American theatre hasn’t reached its climax.” 

[“But it is in need of reimagining,” Smith admonishes.  And her colleague LaTeshia Ellerson, TCG’s Co-Executive Director for National Engagement, chimes in with “there is so much we can learn from each other.” 

[I’m reposting the articles in “A Tale of Three Cities” because . . . well, I’m always ready to spread good news.  This is the final part of the series, a report on the current state of theater in Atlanta, Georgia.  It was preceded by reports on theater in Washington, D.C. (5 October) and theater in Los Angeles (8 October).]

AT’s Introduction to “A Tale of Three Cities”

In looking around the U.S. in anticipation of a busy 2026-27 theatre season, we decided to tell the stories of three major theatrical hubs: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C. In exploring the unique challenges each community has faced and overcome, we’re also looking for the lessons these cities might hold for the national theatre field. Amid controversy and chaos, shifting real estate landscapes, changing audience behavior, and fickle funding, all three theatre scenes have much to celebrate and to look forward to.

“A TALE OF THREE CITIES: THE ATLANTA WAY”
by Jim Farmer

[Atlanta, Georgia, was founded in 1837 as Terminus (because it was the endpoint for the Western & Atlantic Railroad) and by 1842, it was renamed Marthasville to honor Governor Wilson Lumpkin’s (1783-1870; 35th Governor of Georgia: 1831-35) daughter Martha (1827-1917).  In 1845, with a population of about 2,500 residents, it was incorporated as Atlanta (in reference to the Western & Atlantic).

[Because Atlanta was a major railroad hub, traveling troupes touring between New York, New Orleans, and the coastal South found it incredibly easy to stop and perform there.  Three prominent 19th-century playhouses served as the primary stages for these national traveling companies.

[Atlanta’s very first proper theater was The Athenaeum, built in 1854, when the city was less than ten years old.  Before the Civil War (1961-65) disrupted national tours, traveling stock companies stopped there to perform Shakespeare, minstrel shows, comedies, and early operatic recitals.  It served as the artistic anchor of the antebellum frontier town until the city was burned in 1864.

[DeGive’s Opera House (opened 1870) was built during the Reconstruction era (1865-77) by Laurent DeGive (1828-1910), Belgian consul in Atlanta (1860-1905).  This venue became Atlanta’s premier cultural hub for over two decades.  DeGive transformed the unfinished building into a magnificent auditorium that seated over 2,000 patrons.

[Because the opera house sat directly on the major southern rail lines, it hosted the leading traveling talent of the late 19th century.  Oscar Wilde spoke here during his famous 1882 American lecture tour and the theater hosted opera companies, standard dramatic troupes, and orchestral performances until it was converted to other theatrical uses in the 1890s.

[As Atlanta entered the “Gilded Age” (ca. 1870-98), DeGive built an even more opulent successor, DeGive’s Grand Opera House (opened 1893), to replace his original house.  Opening with David Belasco’s (1853-1931; theatrical producer, impresario, director, and playwright) play Men and Women (1890), it was praised by city leaders as a masterpiece that rivaled the theaters of Paris and New York. 

[The Grand Opera House confirmed Atlanta as an indispensable stop for national touring productions, including the New York Metropolitan Opera’s annual touring circuit.  The theater was sold to Marcus Loew's (1870-1927; business magnate and a pioneer of the motion picture industry) organization in 1916 and eventually became a dedicated movie house before tragically burning down and being demolished in the late 1970s; the world premiere of the movie Gone with the Wind played there in 1939.

[Over the past few decades, Atlanta has evolved from a destination for touring Broadway shows into a powerhouse for world premieres, culturally specific narratives, and community-driven storytelling.  Today, the city’s theater scene thrives through a dual identity: a deeply rooted base of homegrown regional theater companies and a nascent, rapidly growing movement celebrating Native American artistic voices.

[Atlanta’s modern “homegrown” theater took root during the post-1960s civil rights era and arts boom.  Rather than relying on traveling troupes, local artists established resident companies to cultivate distinct Southern voices.  The establishment of the local scene began with the founding of the Tony Award-winning Alliance Theatre in 1968 (as the Atlanta Municipal Theatre) as part of the Robert W. Woodruff Arts Center, which opened that year.  (Alliance won the Regional Theatre Tony Award in 2007.)

[Subsequently, Theatrical Outfit, Atlanta’s second-oldest non-profit professional theater, opened in 1977, eventually finding a home downtown in the historic Balzer Theater at Herren's to focus strictly on theatrical works that define, critique, and explore the American South.  (Herren’s was a beloved Atlanta restaurant that closed in 1987; the space reopened in 2005 as a state-of-the-art performance space.)

[TO and other Atlanta theaters strove to expand the “Southern canon” from the likes of classics like Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), Alfred Uhry’s Driving Miss Daisy (1987), or stage adaptations of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) to include plays such as Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959) or Williams’s The Glass Menagerie (1944).

[Through initiatives like TO’s Made-in-Atlanta new play development program, the theater is actively commissioning and producing new stories to redefine what a "Southern narrative" actually is.  This includes world premieres like Young John Lewis (premiered at TO in 2025; see also “Three Major Theatrical Hubs: Washington, D.C.” [5 October 2026])], a hip-hop musical by Psalmayene 24, an award-winning, D.C.-based playwright, director, actor, and pioneer of “hip-hop theater” (born Gregory Morrison and known in the theater community as “Psalm”), exploring the early activism of the legendary congressman.

[Other plays like Lee Osorio’s Providence Canyon (premiered by 7 Stages Theatre, 2022), which looks at the haunted legacies and complexities of illegal immigration in the region; and Megan Tabaque’s Marry Me, Bruno Mars (developmental debut at Theater Emory’s [Emory University] Brave New Works Festival, 2021), which centers Asian-American identity in recent Atlanta suburban history, were developed and workshopped in the Theatrical Outfit’s Made-in-Atlanta program.

[As the city expanded, alternative spaces opened up to push aesthetic boundaries.  7 Stages Theatre (1979) and Horizon Theatre Company (1983) were established to focus on raw, provocative, and freshly scripted contemporary work.

[Atlanta’s rich African-American theater tradition, deeply intertwined with the city's historical role as a hub for Black intellectual life, civil rights activism, and higher education, can be traced back to the early 20th century and its emergence as a thriving epicenter of Black business and culture. 

[Historically, local Black communities created performance venues during segregation out of sheer necessity.  A prime example is the historic Ashby Street Theatre, which opened in 1934; it originally served as a vital entertainment haven for Black Atlantans. 

[Atlanta’s Black theater impulse was sustained and institutionalized by the Atlanta University Center (created in 1929)—a collaboration among four historically black colleges and universities (Morehouse College, Spelman College, Clark Atlanta University, and the Morehouse School of Medicine) which acted as cultural greenhouses, training generations of Black playwrights, actors, and directors who would eventually form the bedrock of the city's professional theater boom.

[While early 20th-century troupes paved the way, the professionalized Black Arts Movement in Atlanta exploded in the 1970s and 2000s.  Jomandi Productions, founded in 1978 through an endowment from Morehouse College, grew to become Georgia's oldest and largest Black theater company.  In later years, it shifted its focus away from a traditional mainstage season toward educational outreach, legacy projects, and touring presentations, but it laid the direct groundwork for every Black theater company in Atlanta today.

[The New African Grove Theatre Company, founded in 2000 and named after the very first known Black theater company in U.S. history (the African Grove Theatre opened in New York City in 1821), was created strictly to preserve “the total Black experience” from historical works to present-day narratives.  The company continues to produce plays, musicals, and community workshops that highlight African American history and contemporary life.

[In 2002, Broadway director Kenny Leon (6 directing Tony nominations, including 1 win for A Raisin in the Sun [2014]) founded True Colors Theatre Company, sealing Atlanta's reputation as a national cradle for professional Black storytelling.  (Prior to True Colors, Leon had been artistic director of Alliance Theatre since 1990.)  True Colors was specifically designed to preserve the traditional African American classics (such as August Wilson’s century cycle) while championing bold, contemporary Black playwrights.

[True Colors Theatre Company is one of the premier African American theater companies in the United States, driving Atlanta's reputation as a vital launching pad for Black dramatic arts.  Alongside innovative spaces like Synchronicity Theatre (launched as Synchronicity Performance Group in 2000), the modern landscape prioritizes new work development, community dinners, and interactive social justice discussions.

[Historically underserved in Southern regional theater, Native American and Indigenous stories have taken center stage in Atlanta through dedicated partnerships and cultural festivals. 

[Hosted by the contemporary 7 Stages Theatre, the annual First Voices Festival is a pillar for the local Indigenous scene.  Produced in collaboration with Turtle Island Trading Company, an Indigenous-owned cultural business, retail storefront, and community hub, and the Zintkala Zi PowWow, an Indigenous cultural organization and performance group, the festival features Muscogee (Creek) storytelling, traditional music, and staged live performances that honor the ancestral stewards of the land and uplift marginalized voices.

[The First Voices Festival was established in November 2022, initiating the emergence and distinct footprint of the modern Native American performance movement in Atlanta.  The festival grew from a single-day gathering into a multi-day event.  It now weaves together theatrical world premieres, multi-media presentations addressing critical social topics, and the first authentic outdoor powwows hosted directly within Atlanta’s city limits. 

[Because there are no theaters or resident companies in the Atlanta area exclusively dedicated to Native American or Indigenous performance, Indigenous cultural groups embed themselves into the seasons of existing multi-cultural spaces, integrating Indigenous narratives directly into the mainstream regional theater ecosystem.

[Jim Farmer’s “The Atlanta Way” was published in American Theatre vol. 43, no. 1 (Fall 2026) and was posted at AMERICAN THEATRE | The Atlanta Way on 28 September 2026]

Despite challenges with funding and perception, theatre in Georgia’s capital city is eclectic and vibrant.

A night out at the theatre in Atlanta might mean a star-studded production aimed for a Broadway run, a sophisticated children’s (or adult) puppet show, or an edgy world premiere at a small theatre. The city’s eclectic and, many locals would say, underrated scene includes companies specializing in musicals, Shakespeare, LGBTQ fare, improv, Black theatre, regional bows, and scores of world premieres. 

Best known outside Atlanta is surely the Alliance Theatre, the $25 million giant that took home a Regional Theatre Tony Award in 2007 and helped launch such Broadway properties as The Color Purple, The Prom, Maybe Happy Ending, and Water for Elephants. Yet the area is peppered with dozens of other theatre establishments, big and small, each producing rich fare for local audiences throughout the year. 

[The Color Purple premiered at the Alliance Theatre in 2004 and debuted on Broadway in 2005.  It’s had several national tours, regional and international productions, and a 2015 Broadway revival; it was released as a musical film in 2023. The Prom tried out at the Alliance in 2016 and premiered on Broadway in 2018. It’s had a National Tour in 2021 and a Mexico City production in 2022.

[Maybe Happy Ending is a bi-national musical, conceived by a South Korean lyricist and musical theater writer, Hue Park (b. 1983), and co-written with William Aronson (b. 1981), a composer and writer for musical theater. Two versions of the play were created, Korean and English (with some differences between them). The Korean version premiered in Seoul in 2016, with numerous revivals ensuing and a film version streamed online three times in 2021.

[The English version debuted at the Alliance in 2020 and then opened on Broadway in 2024.  It won six Tony Awards for Best Musical, Book, Score, Actor, Direction, and Scenic Design, plus six Drama Desk Awards, including Outstanding Musical, Music, Lyrics, and Book.  The musical is still running, with 28 previews and 790 regular performances as of 4 October 2026.

[Water for Elephants premiered at the Alliance in 2023 and opened on Broadway on 21 March 2024; the show closed on 8 December 2024, after playing 25 previews and 300 regular performances.  The show was nominated for eight Tonys, including Best Musical and Best Book of a Musical, but won none.]

Like their counterparts around the country, though, Atlanta theatre artists are dealing both with field-wide challenges and with ones unique to them and their region.

“The economics of Broadway are the same as regional theatre,” explained Lisa Adler, co-artistic/producing director of Horizon Theatre, a Little Five Points troupe with a focus on Southern writers; their current offering, Kira Rockwell’s Holy Chicken Sandwich [21 August-19 September 2026 (world premiere)], is a spoof of Chick-fil-A. “Expenses are going up, but you can’t keep pushing ticket prices up, otherwise you are narrowing your audience, and you can’t expect donations to go up. That is the difficult place that we are in.”

Matt Torney, artistic director of Theatrical Outfit, one of the city’s oldest companies, confirmed that expenses have escalated. A sheet of plywood that used to cost $11 now costs $47, said Torney, whose theatre is known for contemporary and classic works, as well as their recent hip-hop musical Young John Lewis. 

Another field-wide challenge, post-Covid lockdown and reopening: changing audience behavior. For many theatres, the rhythm of automatic subscription renewals ahead of a season is gone. “We sell subscriptions throughout the year, or maybe for two shows,” said Torney. “People buy at the last minute. They walk up and buy tickets. The predictability of audience behavior is completely gone.” Indeed, he said he sees no regular cadence in attendance. 

Rachel May, co-founder and producing artistic director of Synchronicity Theatre, which presents work to uplift women and girls, concurred. “We used to have a lot we could plan on, and now we don’t,” she says. “It’s hard to predict moment to moment. We used to have a good sense of what things would look like. That makes us more vulnerable to things happening in the community.”

Funding Focus

Ask almost anyone in the Atlanta area about the most significant challenge facing local theatres and you’ll get the answer: a scarcity of philanthropic support, and of funding in general. The unpleasant reality is that, despite a robust theatre and arts community throughout Metro Atlanta and around the state, Georgia has some of the lowest state arts funding in the nation. Indeed, Georgia and Wisconsin regularly trade places on the bottom rung in terms of per capita legislative appropriations to state arts agencies. What about private foundations? That can also be tricky, many say.

“From my vantage point, one of the biggest challenges facing Atlanta theatre is the state of arts philanthropy, particularly at the foundation level,” said Freddie Ashley, artistic director of West Midtown’s Actor’s Express, a company known for presenting classics, musicals (including a superb version of A Strange Loop [2019] last year [24 July-31 August 2025]), and new voices. “There are also a lot of foundations that have shifted their focus areas away from the arts.”

Many local theatre artists are working with Arts Capital Atlanta, a citywide advocacy group, which aims to raise $100 million for Metro Atlanta’s arts community by approaching foundations and corporations. While participants are gung-ho, it has been a protracted process. “Some foundations are slower to change,” said Ashley. “I don’t think there is a lack of caring or enthusiasm” on the part of arts and culture advocates; the issue is that this enthusiasm is “not being generated from inside the philanthropic community.”

Ashley, however, does feel fortunate in Atlanta to have what he calls “robust city and county support.” (Atlanta is in Fulton County, which allocated $3 million in arts support for 2026.)

Simply put, funding is key to everything, according to Anthony Rodriguez, now the executive director of the South Forsyth County Community Improvement District, as well as the co-founder and artistic director emeritus of Aurora Theatre, a Lawrenceville troupe that smartly balances comedy and drama, with a large helping of musicals as well. As someone who sits on many kinds of boards (including Aurora’s), Rodriguez knows it’s hard all over for nonprofit organizations.

“The arts are lumped into luxury instead of being an important piece of what makes society work,” Rodriguez lamented, naming the goal of society as being a place “where we can see things we disagree with through a communal lens and talk about them, without getting angry and raising the temperature so high we can’t look at one another.”

As the artistic director of True Colors Theatre Company, one of Atlanta’s few theatre companies dedicated to work by Black playwrights, Jamil Jude—who took over when founder Kenny Leon stepped down in 2019—knows the importance of individual donations, especially now, though that resource has not been fully tapped. In a city the size of Atlanta, he’s confident that there is a lot of money out there for the arts. “I believe in the next 10 years, we will have people who want to focus on that,” Jude said. “But it will take some intention.”

[The Atlanta metropolitan area had an estimated population in 2025 of 6.48 million residents.  That’s just 20,000 more than metro Washington, D.C.’s population and 6.4 million under metro L.A.’s population.]

Space Scramble

Another local trend over the last several years: theatre companies having headaches with venues, including losing them altogether. For more than 30 years, Georgia Ensemble Theatre performed at the Roswell Cultural Arts Center, but when the city of Roswell decided not to renew the company’s contract in 2023, the company moved, first to Marietta’s Jennie T. Anderson Theater, then to Act3 Playhouse in Sandy Springs.

[When a theater company moves from an established location to another space, even if it’s not far away, it tends to lose a portion of its regular audience. Sometimes, that phenomenon can be devastating and some theater troupes end up closing down as a result. (Roswell is 22 miles north of downtown Atlanta. Marietta is 20 miles northwest of the city and 13 miles east of Roswell. Sandy Springs is 13-16 miles north of Atlanta and 17 miles east of Marietta.)]

Aurora Theatre, after working closely with the city of Lawrenceville on the $35 million Lawrenceville Arts Center, which opened in 2021, now faces a city mandate that they pay rent for performance spaces that were once free. And earlier this year, Synchronicity Theatre learned that its lease in Midtown Atlanta would not be renewed, and is currently looking for a new venue.

According to Rodriguez, Aurora co-founder and producing artistic director Ann-Carol Pence has announced her retirement, and will be in a transitional role until February 2027. The company has an interim artistic director and an interim executive director. “Finances are tough; we are looking at raising funds to get through the year,” Rodriguez admitted. “I don’t know how it will work out. I have to be at peace with what happens next. The theatre needs new blood and energy, and change needs to happen.”

Synchronicity’s May said she views all three situations as distinct; her theatre’s lease, for instance, was not at the mercy of a government agency, but was instead the casualty of commercial real estate. Still, what has happened at Aurora, she feels, is a cautionary tale for arts organizations about the long-term relationships they can build.

Ashley traces the problem to the closing of the Midtown Atlanta staple 14th Street Playhouse in 2014. The Woodruff Arts Center (which houses the High Museum of Art, the Alliance Theatre, and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra) sold the multi-space venue to the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) in 2014, and SCAD in turn sold it to a megachurch in 2021.

“That venue was a centralized place where itinerant theatres and dance companies could perform,” Ashley said. “It was a branded space that everyone was familiar with in a great part of town. When it was lost, it decentralized where smaller theatres without a home could go.”

While there are other theatre spaces, such as Little Five Points’ 7 Stages, that do the heavy lift of hosting many companies without a home, Ashley said he still sees it as a perilous time. “I don’t see it lightening or getting better any time soon,” he said. “It seems like there are those pressure points in an already fragile ecosystem.”

Luckily, Ashley views the relationship of Actor’s Express with its venue at King Plow Arts Center as solid, as does True Colors’ Jude at the Southwest Arts Center. Paul Conroy, founder and producing artistic director of the LGBTQ-focused Out Front Theatre Company in West Midtown, said he has successfully apprised his landlord of the economic realities facing nonprofit and arts organizations these days.

The More Things Change

Another area of concern to many is what the city is offering on its various stages. In 2020, Jesse Green wrote a New York Times article titled “54% of the People. 12% of the Plays. Atlanta, Do We Have a Problem?,” highlighting the chasm between the city’s diversity and the relative paucity of Black plays and Black artists involved in the city’s theatres. The article certainly got the local theatre community talking, and later that year CREAT (Coalition for Racial Equity in Atlanta Theatre) and I.D.E.A. ATL (Inclusion, Diversity, Equity in the Arts Atlanta) held a Town Hall for Racial Reckoning to discuss equity and balanced theatre.

Jude thinks there’s been a change in what he sees locally, pointing to more diverse programming at the Alliance, Theatrical Outfit, Actor’s Express, and Horizon. Torney concurred, noting that Theatrical Outfit has been partnering more with organizations like Dominion Entertainment Group on productions such as 2024’s A Raisin in the Sun.

For May, it’s a more mixed bag. “I think there has not been as much change as people would like to see,” she said. “Making sure our theatre looks like our city has always been our mission. I have seen some things that have been performative, and some things have been really real, with strong commitments and intention. I don’t know that the impact has gotten there for everyone. It’s something we need to continue to talk about and keep having hard conversations.”

A lot of theatre artists made declarations of support for diversity in 2020; some companies have followed through, and others haven’t. “I don’t see the needle having moved significantly,” Ashley said. “Those organizations who have historically cared about representation took 2020 as the call to action that it should have been. Those organizations where it is not a central value or priority let it go.”

For her part, Horizon’s Adler was quite angry with the Times article, and still thinks of it as an attack piece on the South. She feels that Green targeted Atlanta for a problem that was nationwide, and ignored that the city has been on the leading edge of diversity for the field.

“We actually had people sitting side by side, Black and white, in our theatre, and if I go to Steppenwolf or the Goodman or anywhere in Chicago or Seattle, Philadelphia, that was not happening at the time,” Adler said. “I feel, if anything, we’ve been more aware because of the community we are in. We are in a community where half or more people are of color. You don’t have an audience if you don’t have that onstage.”

Despite the challenges, these companies have all survived and are busy planning for the future. Jude has two current big projects: finding a new managing director since Chandra Stephens-Albright’s departure, and planning this fall’s world premiere of Tank Stranger, written by Fat Ham playwright James Ijames, about a family healing itself to move forward. Torney is staging Fences in a co-production with Dominion and Alabama Shakespeare Festival in September, and Heidi Schreck’s What the Constitution Means to Me next winter. At Actor’s Express, Ashley is preparing for Tarell Alvin McCraney’s Choir Boy [see “Choir Boy (Studio Theatre, Washington, D.C.)” (24 January 2015)] and Jayne Deely’s rolling world premiere of i never asked for a gofundme. Horizon has Kelundra Smith’s Other Paths to God in October, Out Front takes on Britney Spears with Once Upon a One More Time, and Aurora Theatre hopes the box-office sun will come up with Annie [see “Annie Live! (NBC, 2 December 2021)” (7 and 10 February 2022)]. Also on tap: 7 Stages’ First Voices Festival, a celebration of Indigenous cultures, in November, and Branden Jacobs-Jenkins’s Purpose at the Alliance.

[The world premiere of Tank Stranger ran from 15 September to 4 October 2026 at True Colors. Fences was mounted from 16 September-11 October 2026 at the Balzer Theater in Atlanta and then will be restaged from 29 October-15 November 2026 at ASF in Montgomery, Alabama. What the Constitution Means to Me was at the Alliance Theatre from 24 February-21 March 2027.

[Choir Boy ran from 6-30 August 2026 at Actor’s Express, while i never asked for a gofundme premiered at the theater from 1-25 October 2026, to be remounted in new stagings at the Seattle Public Theater from 15 January-7 February 2027 and About Face Theatre in Chicago on dates to be announced in March 2027.

[Horizon Theatre Company’s production of Other Paths to God runs from 9 October-8 November 2026. Once Upon A One More Time at Out Front Theatre Company runs from 22 October-7 November 2026. Aurora Theatre’s Annie ran from 20 August-13 September 2026 at the Lawrenceville Arts Center.

[The fifth annual First Voices Festival in Atlanta will take place on 20 November 2026: Art of Activism (7 Stages Theatre), 21-22 November: Outdoor Powwow, and 27 November: The Doctrine film screening at the Plaza Theatre. Purpose at the Alliance was staged from 28 August-20 September 2026.]

Financial and real estate pressures aside, most Atlanta theatre artists feel positive about their city’s cultural future, even as they realize more challenges await. It is still a city with enormous reserves of talent and creativity, with large audiences hungry for the arts. For his part, Torney said he is eager to find a way to embrace and welcome future theatre generations.

As for Ashley, despite his somewhat gloomier pronouncements, he said he is dispositionally inclined to optimism.

“Atlanta has always been a somewhat inhospitable environment for the arts to flourish,” he said. “Yet Atlanta has one of the most dynamic ecologies in the entire country. That happens because of the talents and the disciplines and stick-to-it-ness of those in the community who make it work. I feel optimism that is not going away any time soon.

“It won’t be without its challenges,” he continued. “Do I think we will lose a few more organizations? Probably, unless things change drastically. Will we lag behind in philanthropy? Probably. But Atlanta always finds a way through it.”

[Jim Farmer is an award-winning, Atlanta-based arts reporter and an editor-at-large for ArtsATL, a nonprofit digital publication based in Atlanta dedicated to coverage of the local arts and culture scene.  Farmer’s work can be seen in Georgia Voice, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Atlanta magazine, and other publications.]


08 October 2026

Three Major Theatrical Hubs: Los Angeles

 

A Supplement to the Regional Theater Series

[In the New York Times last summer, incumbent artistic director of the Public Theater in New York Oskar Eustis announced his retirement from the company effective in two years (“Nurturer of Theater Intends to Move On,” 23 July 2026 [Section C: “Arts”]).  He also declared, “I think the American nonprofit theater movement is over.”

[“That doesn’t mean any individual theater is over,” Eustis added.  “But every individual theater is having to make its own case and come up with its own business model.”  In several past posts on Rick On Theater, readers have heard that the American theater, especially the regional and resident companies, is in crisis (see, for instance, “A Crisis In America's Theaters” [13 September 2023]).

[(There’s a list [with links] of blog articles about regional theater in the U.S. at the top of "Defying the Odds Far From Broadway" by Michael Paulson [22 December 2025].)

[The current issue of the Theatre Communications Group magazine American Theatre is publishing a series of short articles that attests to the belief, according to Kelundra Smith, publisher of AT, “that the American theatre hasn’t reached its climax.” 

[“But it is in need of reimagining,” Smith admonishes.  And her colleague LaTeshia Ellerson, TCG’s Co-Executive Director for National Engagement, chimes in with “there is so much we can learn from each other.” 

[I’m reposting the articles in “A Tale of Three Cities” because . . . well, I’m always ready to spread good news.  This is the second in the series, a report on the present state of theater in Los Angeles, California.  It was preceded by a report on theater in Washington, D.C. (5 October), and will be followed by one on theater in Atlanta (11 October).]

AT’s Introduction to “A Tale of Three Cities”

In looking around the U.S. in anticipation of a busy 2026-27 theatre season, we decided to tell the stories of three major theatrical hubs: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C. In exploring the unique challenges each community has faced and overcome, we’re also looking for the lessons these cities might hold for the national theatre field. Amid controversy and chaos, shifting real estate landscapes, changing audience behavior, and fickle funding, all three theatre scenes have much to celebrate and to look forward to.

“A TALE OF THREE CITIES: L.A.’S RUNWAY PROJECT”
by Steven Leigh Morris

[It wasn’t that long ago that L.A. didn’t have a theater scene.  Sure, there were lots of actors, directors, designers, and writers in the area, and most of them were chronically un- or underemployed most of the time.  But, unlike other parts of Southern California—San Diego, Costa Mesa, Laguna Beach, Pasadena—L.A. was all about movies and TV, not theater.

[But all those artists, many of whom had started on the stage before going west, were looking for outlets, and classes and lessons got old when there was no place to apply what they were learning.  So sometime in the ’70s and early ’80s, groups of these performers, directors, designers, stage hands, and writers got together and formed the kinds of troupes they’d worked in in New York, Chicago, or San Francisco, and soon Los Angeles had a bustling Off-Off-Broadway-style theater scene. 

[Of course, along with that impulse came the growth of more substantial theaters, and the City of Angels had a flowering of theaters and stage productions to rival the country’s established theater towns.  And that’s where it stands now.

[Inevitably, the theaters of Los Angeles weren’t exempt from the repercussions of the COVID pandemic, the vicissitudes of the economy, the loss of public finding sources (most notably, the National Endowment for the Arts), and the aging of the theatergoing public.  Stephen Leigh Morris reports below on how the theater community on his SoCal beat are faring.

[The report below was published in American Theatre vol. 43, no. 1 (Fall 2026) and was posted at AMERICANTHEATRE | L.A.’s Runway Project on 28 September 2026.]

The state of play(s) in Southern California, where the theatre refuses to die.

In assessing the state of Southern California’s sprawling theatre scene, contradictions emerge. Most are struggling; some are not. Some find that new plays keep audiences away; for many, new work is the draw.

Across the board, for all their challenges with audiences, buildings, and contracts, nobody in Southern California—where the local film and TV industry has faced its own recessionary pressures—believes that the theatre is dying. That’s probably as good a place as any to start.

View From Above

Theatre leaders told me that audiences have been returning post-Covid, though still not yet at pre-pandemic levels. Meanwhile, federal cuts at important agencies have led foundations to reassess priorities, in some cases squeezing out nonprofit theatres. As Barry Edelstein, artistic director at San Diego’s Old Globe Theatre [founded in 1935], put it: When he talks to corporate funders and foundations, “They say, ‘Cancer research.’”

Edelstein also described rising costs that are symptomatic at theatres across the region, large and small. “When I got here 14 years ago, a four-character play in a 250-seat theatre might break even,” he said. “Now that same show loses $150,000.” (Things at the Old Globe, he hastened to add, are fine, in spite of the challenges.)

Theatre reflects the culture it occupies. The fracturing of the culture into tribes within bubbles has an indisputable parallel in live theatre. Pasadena Playhouse [1925] producing artistic director Danny Feldman looks back to 1965, when a musical film like The Sound of Music could unite generations, from teens to octogenarians. “We’re at a moment in history, because of self-curation and digital tech, where the tastes of the old guard have never been more different from the tastes of the young guard,” Feldman said. “How do we carry all of the buckets?”

Times have been particularly tough for L.A.’s smaller theatres, once dominant throughout the county. In the past decade, productions at these companies have shriveled, based on a comparison of stage listings from the digital journal Stage Raw in 2015 and 2026. One reason is the highly contested policy of the stage actors’ union, Actors['] Equity Association, which in 2015 eliminated the region’s long-standing 99-Seat Theatre Plan. That plan, which permitted union actors to perform in intimate theatres of 99 seats or fewer as volunteers working for stipends, led to a boom—some would say a glut—of productions from the 1980s through the 2000s. The union’s goal in rescinding that deal, to foster more contract weeks for Equity actors, doesn’t seem to have borne fruit. Instead most small companies are simply producing fewer shows.

A second blow came in 2020 with State Assembly Bill 5, which mandates that, with a few exceptions, every theatre worker in California is entitled to minimum wage, drawing payroll taxes paid by the employer (the theatre). Jon Lawrence Rivera, who’s about to retire after a 34-year run as artistic director of the new-work-fostering Playwrights Arena, laid out the math: A play in a 35-seat theatre with six characters cost $20,000 in 2019; it now costs around $80,000. The troupe’s entire annual budget is $150,000. Rivera’s successor, Elmira Rahim, is struggling to keep the company solvent and meaningful.

Snehal Desai, artistic director of the region’s flagship theatre, Center Theatre Group (CTG; 1967), said he’d love to tap the new plays being developed by L.A.’s smaller theatres, but there are fewer to choose from. Pasadena Playhouse’s Feldman put it succinctly: “You can’t have the major leagues without the minor ones.”

[The Center Theatre Group is a non-profit arts organization located in Los Angeles. It comprises the Mark Taper Forum and the Ahmanson Theatre, both opened in 1967 at the Los Angeles Music Center in downtown L. A., and the Kirk Douglas Theatre, opened as the Culver Theatre in 1947 in Culver City, in L.A. County west of downtown Los Angeles. The Ahmanson (2,084 seats) presents large-scale plays and musicals, while the Mark Taper (739 seats) is used for more intimate productions of a provocative and innovative nature. The Kirk Douglas (317 seats) stages intimate, modern, and experimental productions. (The Los Angeles Music Center [officially the Performing Arts Center of Los Angeles County, established in 1964] also comprises the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, the Roy & Edna Disney CalArts Theatre (REDCAT), and the Walt Disney Concert Hall.)]

Triumphs and Conundrums

Desai is now in his third season running CTG, which presents plays in three separate buildings of 2,084 seats, 739 seats, and 317 seats, respectively. When he arrived at the post in 2023, CTG was in free fall. Massive staff layoffs accompanied the controversial decision to suspend programming for a year while the company regrouped. (Its current budget sits at $50 million.)

Last season, Desai’s attempt to stanch the blood loss was to program a season of culturally diverse hits, almost all imported from New York and London. As a commercial strategy, it worked; audiences roared back. And for the upcoming season, the number of plays at the mid-sized Mark Taper Forum is back up to four (from three).

In the midst of all the Broadway and West End imports, Desai holds out hope that in the future he can take advantage of CTG’s third space, the Kirk Douglas Theatre in Culver City, to present locally generated new work with such smaller troupes as IAMA Theatre Company, Deaf West Theatre, East West Players, Latino Theater Company, Ammunition Theatre Company, and Four Larks. He talks about the “long runway” of educating audiences about the value of new voices. That’s what used to be called investment—and leadership.

Over at the official State Theatre of California (the official designation of the century-old, 686-seat Spanish Colonial-style Pasadena Playhouse), Feldman, who helped oversee the nonprofit’s recent purchase of the building from the city, said that ticket sales cover between 40 to 60 percent of expenses. He’s working to bridge that gap with adult education programs of up to 400 students per semester.

Feldman does have a commercial streak in his programming, but that doesn’t always mean “safe.” He believes in “taking big swings,” he said. “You don’t raise money by begging. You raise money by leading.” He admitted that the theatre has struggled with new plays, which don’t draw the crowds the organization needs to stay afloat. In 2024, Feldman presented TV writer Gloria Calderón Kellett’s [b. 1975; One Day at a Time (TV series, 2017-20; Netflix and Pop); With Love (2021-23; Amazon Original)] comedy, One of the Good Ones [world premiere], which drew some criticism for resembling a sitcom. But Feldman argued that he’s aiming for more than crowd-pleasers. “If our goal is to build the largest subscription-based audience, we’ll look like A Noise Within, staying in our lane.”

Also in Pasadena, A Noise Within—a solid, reliably conservative purveyor of established works in repertory—is one in a cluster of once intimate theatres (South Coast Repertory [1964], L.A. Actors’ Theatre, East West Players, International City Theatre) that graduated to mid-size status some time between 1967 and 2011.

Crosstown in Westwood is the Geffen Playhouse, a two-theatre complex (512 and 149 seats) with a thoughtful playwright, Tarell Alvin McCraney, at the helm since 2023. He said he aims to balance the hunger for crowd pleasers by also presenting “important plays” that may not appeal to a broad audience. McCraney’s own The Brothers Size [2007] was programmed off-subscription as a special event. “We knew that was a different experience: a play with live music and street poetry,” he explained. “It started in the lobby and moved inside.”

Like most good leaders, McCraney is learning to swim upstream. A thousand new subscriptions came in last year, according to the Geffen’s executive director and CEO Gil Cates Jr., though the theatre lacks deep-pocketed industry donors, and last year’s Palisades fires drove a swath of Geffen subscribers from L.A.’s Westside. But, said Cates, “I still see the opportunity as larger than the challenges.”

Down the 405 freeway from the Geffen Playhouse, some 47 miles into Orange County, stands the three-theatre complex (507, 336, and 94 seats) of the Tony Award-winning South Coast Repertory [1964], which has a storied legacy of developing new works, including with its annual Pacific Playwrights Festival.

Artistic director David Ivers arrived in 2018, not long before Covid struck, and his managing director, Suzanne Appel, is just now starting her third season. SCR’s audiences, largely from suburban OC burgs, skew white and older, Appel explained. But that doesn’t describe the demographics of the whole region, or its future—hence the theatre’s active education and community outreach programs. Quipped Ivers: “Forty years ago, we asked, ‘What are we going to do to bring in new audiences?’” On rare occasions, the more things stay the same—the more they stay the same.

Tales of the City-Owned

Meanwhile, who says local governments can’t support the arts? Three city-owned theatres report robust financial health, and others are making it work with municipal help.

La Mirada Theatre, located in a suburb in southeastern L.A. County, is owned and maintained by La Mirada. But the city subcontracts programming for the 1,251-seat space to McCoy Rigby Entertainment (MRE), which takes a fee for producing a season of almost entirely Broadway musicals and hit plays. The city takes 100 percent of the box office revenue and pays 100 percent of production expenses. With 22 performances per show and five shows a season, that is more than sufficient to meet production costs, despite the exponential rise in those costs, said MRE’s Tom McCoy.

Meanwhile, in the heart of Downtown Los Angeles, the city-owned Los Angeles Theatre Center (LATC), a historic complex of five theatres in an eight-story former bank building, tells another success story with a different model. Twenty years ago, after a contentious bidding process and a $4 million grant from the California Cultural and Historical Endowment in 2006, José Luis Valenzuela’s Latino Theater Company (LTC) landed a long-term lease with the city to maintain and operate the facility. The city neither pays for the building’s maintenance, which Valenzuela put at about $500,000 a year, nor takes any of the box office revenue.

[Before the LTC occupied the downtown Los Angeles Theatre Center, it was home to a company by that name under Bill Bushnell (1937-2024) from 1985 to its demise in 1991.  Bushnell took over the company, an experimental troupe originally called the Los Angeles Actors Theatre (LAAT), from its founder in 1975, actor Ralph Waite (1928-2014), housed then in the Oxford Street Theatre in East Hollywood (now operating as the Eastwood Performing Arts Center).]

Even with $14 million in assets, Valenzuela said that LTC is a “local, not a regional theatre—culturally specific,” though not exclusively so, reaching audiences from the far reaches of San Bernardino [east pof L.A.] and Riverside [east of L.A. County, but with Orange County between them; south of San Bernardino County] counties, some from more than 100 miles away. As at the Geffen, Valenzuela said that his company relies not on deep-pocketed donors but on thousands of donations from people giving $25 to $50 a month. Ticket prices generally range from $10 to $60, and the company presents seven productions a year, including one off-site annual holiday spectacle (La Virgin de Guadalupe, Dios Inantzin) up the street at the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels.

[A Los Angeles tradition since 2002, the musical drama La Virgin de Guadalupe, Dios Inantzin was written by Evelina Fernández and directed by Valenzuela. A bilingual (in Spanish and Nahuatl, the Aztec language) performance, it features a cast of over 100 actors, singers, and indigenous Aztec dancers, along with community members, retelling the 1531 story of Our Lady of Guadalupe.

[The play is directly adapted from the Nican Mopohua (“Here It Is Told”; published, 1649), the classic 16th-century Nahuatl text traditionally attributed to indigenous scholar Antonio Valeriano (ca. 1521-1605). In the Nican Mopohua, the Virgin Mary identifies herself in Nahuatl as the mother of the true God, linking her presence deeply with indigenous heritage and the pre-Hispanic figure of Tonantzin (“Our Sacred Mother”).

[In Nahuatl, Inantzin (or nantzin) means “our mother” or “mother,” and Dios Inantzin translates to “Mother of God.” The holiday pageant is traditionally spoken and sung entirely in Spanish, but LTC predominantly performs in English, Spanish, and bilingual blends (Spanglish); for productions in Spanish, LTC uses English supertitles.]

In a contradiction of the prevailing wisdom that new plays don’t draw audiences, LTC presents a swath of commercially successful new works coming largely from a cadre of in-residence playwrights called the Circle of Imaginistas. LTC commissions and develops their plays, then presents them in one of three theatres (496 seats, 318 seats, or 250 seats).

“When new plays speak directly and immediately to the concerns of a community, they find their audience,” Valenzuela said, pointing to this year’s twice-extended The Storyteller of East L.A. by Evelina Fernández [world premiere, 2026], about a family whose matriarch is coping with Alzheimer’s.

Looks like Valenzuela built that runway.

“Audiences flow in streams,” Valenzuela said. “Some large, some small. Bertolt Brecht performed his works in coffee shops. There are different fish in each stream. It doesn’t have to be the same audience. We’re not competing for audiences.”

Yet another long-running company in a city-owned facility is Long Beach’s International City Theatre (ICT), now in its 41st season at the 825-seat Beverly O’Neill thrust stage, ensconced within the Long Beach Entertainment and Convention Center.

caryn desai [sic] took over artistic leadership of ICT in 2011 from her husband and artistic partner, Shashin Desai. Ticket sales at ICT average about one-half of expenses, desai reported, and with “careful budgeting,” and an annual budget of about $1.32 million, the theatre has “operated in the black for several seasons,” supplementing ticket sales with six grant-attracting education programs—mostly for youth, but also one for HUD-residing, low-income seniors.

Another runway builder, desai said that when you educate audiences about the excitement of new plays, they show up. In the past three seasons, ICT has presented world premieres by Luke Yankee [Marilyn, Mom & Me, 2024], Wendy Graf [Exit Wounds, 2023; Masala Dabba, 2025], and Paul Webb [Warsaw, 2026].  

Not far from another beach, in Santa Monica, City Garage Theatre (established in 1987) continues its idiosyncratic and sometimes politically charged programming at a leased venue of 85 seats that lies within an arts colony of galleries, the city-owned Bergamot Station. The troupe has a minimum of paid staff and mostly relies on volunteers, with a budget of about $170,000, and it presents workshops and three or four productions a year, often of European work in translation. (Their deal may not last, though: In June 2025, the city began accepting bids from developers to turn the entire Bergamot Station property into affordable housing.)

Also on L.A.’s Westside, John Ruskin and Mike Myers jointly run Ruskin Group Theatre (RGT), a newly built complex of two small theatres (99 and 65 seats) in a city-owned venue on the grounds of the Santa Monica Municipal Airport. With naming rights for theatres and seats, the duo raised $1.4 million, with the city kicking in another $3 million. They opened the larger space in February and the smaller one a month later.

Myers and Ruskin said they are currently trying to navigate a budget gap of 70 percent between ticket revenue and expenses (including $15,000/month rent). With their high artistic ambitions, though, the pair is unlikely to find savings by staging all solo performances and two-handers. As Myers put it, they have another decade on the lease to figure out the gamble they made with “enthusiasm and stupidity.”

Level Up

At the opposite corner of L.A. County, in a rapidly gentrifying district northwest of Downtown L.A. called Highland Park, sits Outside In Theatre. Though co-founders Daniel Blinkoff and Tamlyn Tomita initially envisaged it as a base for digital art, they soon hired producing artistic director Jessica Hanna to create a theatre space in an empty former Pontiac dealership, plus a studio next door, resulting in two separate purchases and renovations totaling $10 million, underwritten by an inheritance left by Blinkoff’s mother, singer-songwriter Carol Hall [1936-2018] (The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas [stage musical, 1978; film. 1982]). When asked about their fiscal strategy once the inheritance runs dry, Hanna replied, “We’re working on that.”

The same could be said for Guillermo Cienfuegos and Justin Okin, who’ve taken over as artistic director and executive director, respectively, of the highly regarded Rogue Machine, which runs two small theatres on Melrose Avenue in Hollywood. Founder John Perrin Flynn, who retired last year after almost 20 years running it, landed a $500,000 grant from the Perenchio Foundation [private, family grantmaking foundation dedicated to supporting the visual and performing arts in Los Angeles County] to provide salaries for Cienfuegos and Okin to “level up the organization,” as Okin put it. Despite playing to full houses, Cienfuegos added, “If we have a production with more than six actors, we have to have outside financing and a co-production. Without donors or outside help, no production is possible.”

Cienfuegos said that should funds run low, he’d have to rent the venue for half a year to help underwrite Rogue Machine’s productions, and this seems to be prevailing strategy: Sacred Fools, a scrappy troupe that came of age in the late 1990s, is now mostly a landlord over at the Broadwater in Hollywood; Maria Gobetti’s Victory Theatre in Burbank, a new-play-centric troupe she founded with her now late husband Tom Ormeny in 1980, uses rentals and acting classes as a survival mechanism; ditto Beth Hogan, who took over what may be the grandfather of L.A.’s small theatres, Odyssey Theatre Ensemble in West L.A., founded in 1969. Even A Noise Within’s cousin, the stalwart Glendale-based Antaeus Theatre Company that has staged classics since its 1991 founding, has a “rentals” page on its website.

Attention must also be paid to the companies quietly persisting, building on legacies of distinguished work dating back decades: Hollywood’s Theatre of NOTE (1981) and the Fountain Theatre, founded in 1990 by Stephen Sachs and Deborah Lawlor, and now run by Raymond O. Caldwell and Johannah Maynard Edwards; Martha Demson’s actors’ collective, Open Fist Theatre Company (1990); Chris Fields’s Echo Theater Company (1996); Debbie Devine and Jay McAdams’s 24th Street Theatre, doing sophisticated youth programming since 1997; Jessica Kubzansky’s Boston Court Pasadena (inventive works since 2003); Ben Guillory and Danny Glover’s Robey Theatre Company, championing global Black literature since 1994; North Hollywood’s Zombie Joe’s Underground, specializing in hourlong horror shows since 1992; Road Theatre Company, presenting new plays since 1991; Group Repertory Theatre, established by actor Lonny Chapman [1920-2007] in 1973; Ebony Rep, an African American company operating out of the L.A. City-owned Nate Holden Performing Arts Center since 2007; the Will Geer Theatricum Botanicum, operating out of an amphitheatre in Topanga, founded by TV actor/muckraker Will Geer [1902-78] in 1973, and now headed by his daughter Ellen Geer [b. 1941], with his granddaughter, Willow Geer [b. 1981], in the line of succession; Marilyn Fox’s Pacific Resident Theatre (1985); Theatre 40 (1964), ensconced on the Beverly Hills High School campus since 1974; Theatre West, established in 1962 by [actors] Betty Garrett [1919-2011], Joyce Van Patten [b. 1934], and Charles Aidman [1925-93]; and one of the oldest ongoing theatres in Southern California, Musical Theatre West, born in 1952 as the Whittier Civic Light Opera.

That so few of these theatres have folded their tents speaks to the tenacity of leaders and theatregoers across Southern California. They don’t crow a lot. They keep their heads down and keep working. The quality of at least some of what they produce, and the communities they engender, is sufficient to keep their audiences returning.

The larger question is how these troupes, some with visions and philosophies dating back to the mid-20th century, will adapt and survive. Are our theatres going to yield to the prevailing wisdom of audiences’ atomized self-curation, and thereby merely echo our society’s fractures? Or can our theatres instead guide us to see the value of relationships larger than any single play they put on? Can theatre be a pillar of community—an antidote to the toxin of alienation from our neighbors, even from ourselves? Southern California offers one place—or rather, many places—to look for the answer.

[As I noted above, the third AT article on regional theater, covering theater in Atlanta, will be published on Sunday, 11 October 2026.  Please come back to ROT then for the last part of “A Tale of Three Cities.”

[Steven Leigh Morris (he/him) is a playwright and the founding editor of Stage Raw (stageraw.com), a digital journal covering theater from Santa Barbara to San Diego, and points beyond.]


05 October 2026

Three Major Theatrical Hubs: Washington, D.C.

 

A Supplement to the Regional Theater Series

[In the New York Times last summer, incumbent artistic director of the Public Theater in New York Oskar Eustis announced his retirement from the company effective in two years (“Nurturer of Theater Intends to Move On,” 23 July 2026 [Section C: “Arts”]).  He also declared, “I think the American nonprofit theater movement is over.”

[“That doesn’t mean any individual theater is over,” Eustis added.  “But every individual theater is having to make its own case and come up with its own business model.”  In several past posts on Rick On Theater, readers have heard that the American theater, especially the regional and resident companies, is in crisis (see, for instance, “A Crisis In America's Theaters” [13 September 2023]).

[(There’s a list [with links] of blog articles about regional theater in the U.S. at the top of "Defying the Odds Far From Broadway" by Michael Paulson [22 December 2025].)

[The current issue of the Theatre Communications Group magazine American Theatre is publishing a series of short articles that attests to the belief, according to Kelundra Smith, publisher of AT, “that the American theatre hasn’t reached its climax.” 

[“But it is in need of reimagining,” Smith admonishes.  And her colleague LaTeshia Ellerson, TCG’s Co-Executive Director for National Engagement, chimes in with “there is so much we can learn from each other.” 

[I’m reposting the articles in “A Tale of Three Cities” because . . . well, I’m always ready to spread good news.  This is the first in the series, a report on the present state of theater in Washington, D.C.  It will be followed by reports on theater in Los Angeles (8 October) and Atlanta (11 October).]

AT’s Introduction to “A Tale of Three Cities”

In looking around the U.S. in anticipation of a busy 2026-27 theatre season, we decided to tell the stories of three major theatrical hubs: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C. In exploring the unique challenges each community has faced and overcome, we’re also looking for the lessons these cities might hold for the national theatre field. Amid controversy and chaos, shifting real estate landscapes, changing audience behavior, and fickle funding, all three theatre scenes have much to celebrate and to look forward to.

“A TALE OF THREE CITIES: DISTRICT DEFIANCE”
by Daniella Ignacio

[This article particularly caught my eye because, as some ROTters know, I’m a native Washingtonian.  I was born there, grew up there (until 14, if that can be called having grown up), and was introduced to theater there before I saw my first New York show.  In fact, I’ve confessed a number of times to being a confirmed Washington chauvinist.

[I’ve posted several pieces on ROT about D.C. theater topics, starting with “‘Stages in DC’ (Summer 1985)" (25 December 2011); click on the label Theater in Washington DC for additional posts on that topic.  (My early exposure to theater is laid out in “A Broadway Baby” [22 September 2010].)]

[The report below was published in American Theatre vol. 43, no. 1 (Fall 2026) and was posted at AMERICAN THEATRE | District Defiance on 28 September 2026.]

How theatres in the nation’s capital are surviving, striving, and living to fight another day.

On Friday, June 12, after six months of President Donald Trump’s name having been affixed to the facade of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, a crowd celebrated at the Kennedy Center all day and night in anticipation of the name’s removal, at a judge’s order—though a tarp covered the letters as they were removed in the early hours of June 13. (At presstime, the tarp still stood.)

But while those shenanigans captured national attention, on the local level, D.C. theatres have been busy charting a path forward, no matter the resident of White House. Earlier this summer, when Washington, D.C., mayoral hopeful Janeese Lewis George [b. 1988; Democrat; currently a member of the Council of the District of Columbia] met arts leaders in a forum at the Studio Theatre, she shared a desire for the arts to be “one of the biggest economic drivers of our community,” and was admirably responsive to leaders’ questions and concerns.

In short, theatremakers in the D.C./Maryland/Virginia (DMV) area are surviving and striving. From programming that taps into the political zeitgeist to more spaces dedicated to new work, they are taking matters into their own hands, exercising their right to speak out and cultivate an artistic community that can actively respond to the moment.

Stability and Controversy

D.C. theatre has become a “stable landscape” in the past decade [see “‘Stages in DC’ (Summer 1985)” (25 December 2011) for the background of theater in Nation’s Capital], said Theatre Washington president and CEO Amy Austin. By 2015, she noted, “Not only did you have established leaders, but you had a lot of emerging leaders who are still here,” citing such small theatres as NextStop, Flying V, and others that opened in the mid-2010s, following 1990s and 2000s troupes like Rorschach and Constellation. “We kept that landscape through the pandemic.”

The region’s larger theatres have persisted too. According to Austin, the Small Professional Theatre (SPT) and League of Resident Theatre (LORT) companies that reopened post-Covid haven’t faced the closures or mergers that have plagued other theatre scenes. “We were very concerned about it,” Austin said. “Everybody was aware that it was happening nationally, but it didn’t happen here. That’s a significant statement about Washington theatre’s vitality, resilience, and collaboration.”

[LORT is a collective bargaining association for U.S. non-profit resident or regional theaters to negotiate with Actors’ Equity Association, the Stage Directors and Choreographers Society, and United Scenic Artists.  Membership in LORT is based solely on financial scale.  SPT refers specifically to a standardized national contract developed by AEA—the other theater unions use their own frameworks to accommodate smaller budgets and venues (though Equity sets the standard for how other live entertainment unions scale down their rates to support small professional companies)—and bridges the gap between amateur community theater and large-scale, high-budget regional theater.]

According to the leaders of Round House Theatre in Bethesda, Maryland, its past four years have also been the four highest-grossing seasons in the theatre’s 50-year history. Both Round House (with a $10 million budget) and Arlington, Virginia’s Signature (a $16 million budget) saw surpluses in the millions in the 2025 fiscal year. “The thing that drives audiences here is the sense that theatre is a form of civic engagement,” said artistic director Ryan Rilette, now approaching his 15th season at Round House. “The audience is smart enough and politically dialed in enough that they yearn for those conversations.”

[There are a number of reports on productions at the Round House on this blog. Arlington’s Signature Theatre, founded in 1989, is best-known for its high-quality musical productions. (In 2009, the company established the annual Stephen Sondheim Award to honor “those who have contributed to the works of Stephen Sondheim and the canon of American Musical Theater.”)  The Virginia Signature shouldn’t be confused with New York City’s Off-Broadway Signature Theatre Company, founded in 1991.  It’s best known for devoting each entire season to one dramatist's work.]

At Mosaic Theater, Reginald L. Douglas is entering his fifth season as artistic director. He came into the position after the theatre’s founding artistic director, Ari Roth [see “The First Amendment & The Arts, Redux” (13 February 2015)], resigned in the wake of a staff revolt. Mosaic, whose budget is close to $3 million, has seen record-breaking box office numbers (last season’s Young John Lewis [2025; new score debut at Mosaic, 2026] was reportedly its highest-selling show ever). What matters more to Douglas is its expanded community engagement.

“Mosaic strives to live up to our name, which is what happens when you bring different communities, cultures, and perspectives together through dialogue,” Douglas said. “We want to do that more intentionally throughout all of D.C.” 

Others lament that a drop in federal funding and foundation giving has not been made up by corporate and individual support. At Adventure Theatre MTC, a Theatre for Young Audiences company in Maryland’s Glen Echo Park, artistic director Kurt Boehm said that the $2-million company is currently just $70,000 away from a surplus—the closest in his three years. “We’re doing it with the bare bones that we can until this organization is back on the path of surplus every year,” he said. That will be a feat for a company with a 10-person staff, restored after allegations surfaced in 2022 of unsafe workplace practices under previous leadership. 

Another theatre in recovery is Spooky Action Theater, whose artistic director Richard Henrich left in 2022 after reports of alleged toxic behavior. Under the new artistic director, Elizabeth Dinkova, the company, which has an annual budget of $319,000, has leaned into resistance and immigrant voices, with at least one international play every season.

“I joke sometimes that the programming philosophy of Spooky Action is, if our theatre closes with this show, we will feel like it was the most exciting and meaningful thing to do, and we’ll go down happy,” Dinkova said. “Luckily, we’re nowhere near closing. We’re actually in a better position than we’ve been in many, many years.”

Larger theatres haven’t been spared from controversy. One issue: local hiring. At Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company, (which has a $5.7 million budget), former artistic director Maria Manuela Goyanes pioneered a model where the theatre could be a launching pad for solo shows and a space for festivals. “While that was important, the gap it unintentionally created was a dearth of jobs for local artists,” said new artistic director Reggie D. White. “Solo shows come with people attached to them. The things that make it financially nimble also make it difficult for local artists.”

White said he’s “doubling down on space and opportunity for folks in our company,” with a commitment to featuring at least one company member in every show in the upcoming season. This includes Jared Mezzocchi, who will direct the world premiere of Matt Schatz’s Bobby Robotowitz [2026] next spring, in a co-production with Pittsburgh’s City Theatre.

The city’s oldest and largest theatre is also the site of the most dramatic local episode in memory, with repercussions felt not only locally but nationally: the apparently forced resignation, in late June, of Arena Stage artistic director Hana S. Sharif, just three years after she succeeded longtime leader Molly Smith. Complaints about her management at Arena (budget size: $30 million) soon surfaced in a series of news reports, though these were contradicted by glowing testimonials from peers and colleagues, including White, who worked closely with her at Arena before taking the job at Woolly.

Meanwhile, in early 2026, Arena’s production and box office workers voted to join IATSE [International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees] for better wages and working conditions. The historic LORT company has only announced a partial 2026-27 season, and plans an artistic director search this fall.

Subversive Levity

Sharif was among a cohort of new artistic directors at D.C. theatres in the past decade, including Simon Godwin at Shakespeare Theatre Company, Matthew Gardiner at Signature Theatre, and Folger Theatre’s Karen Ann Daniels (though at presstime she was on medical leave, with longtime associate director of programming and director of producing Beth Emelson serving as interim director of artistic programs). Another of them, Mosaic’s Douglas, spoke about striking a balance of entertainment, empathy, and challenge in his theatre’s programming. 

[There are several play reports on Rick On Theater of productions at Shakespeare Theatre.  The referenced Folger Theater, which performs in the Elizabethan Theatre at the Folger Shakespeare Memorial Library, shouldn’t be confused with the Folger Theatre Group, a precursor of the Shakespeare Theatre and on whose board my father sat.  See “Theater Boards” (11 December 2022); a brief synopsis of the history of the Shakespeare Theatre is in the afterword to “Much Ado About Nothing: A ‘Recovered’ Report” (20 March 2021).]

Douglas said he often hears that “audiences perhaps are a little overwhelmed, but artists are buzzing inside with a desire to let their art be revolutionary,” he said. “This past year of the National Guard being here, of ICE raids, of seeing so much stress in the city—the best way to combat that is to put artists at the center. Speaking up is hope enough. You become an example of what it means to speak out, to stand up, to affirm that we are D.C. in a time when it feels really compromised.”

To that end, Douglas has commissioned four local artists to reflect on what it’s meant to live in D.C. under quasi-occupation, using various theatrical forms: plays, poems, sound design/music composition, and more. That series opens the season, along with a production of Somewhere Over the Border [2022] by Brian Quijada, a twist on The Wizard of Oz making its D.C. premiere, which Douglas hopes resonates for its celebration of “the resilience of immigrant communities and joy as resistance.” Mosaic’s upcoming world premieres include Natural History [January-February 2027] by Collin Van Son and Paige Hernandez’s 7th Street Echo [March-April 2027], whose characters represent all four quadrants of D.C.

For its part, Woolly Mammoth is presenting five world premieres that have in common what White called “subversive levity.” He explained, “After being inundated with the cortisol spike of political news, it’s good to be welcomed into an alternate experience through humor that cracks open deeper curiosity and a lot of heart.” Though none of the plays he’s programmed “are about the current political climate,” he knows that “as a Black queer man, the personal is the political. Giving stories dignity is political.” 

Theater J, the city’s Jewish-focused theatre, also has a history of producing new work, particularly under Hayley Finn, who started as artistic director in 2023 and immediately ramped up new-play development, including an Expand the Canon program that commissions Jewish writers of color, as well as Mizrahi and Sephardi Jewish writers. This season’s world premiere, American Girls [March-April 2027] by Emily Feldman, is about a Jewish woman and a Muslim woman coming to terms with the ways the events of Oct. 7, and the ensuing Israel/Palestine war, affect their friendship. 

[Sephardim are Jews from Spain, Portugal, Turkey, and North Africa (from the word that in modern Hebrew is the name for Spain). Mizrahim (or Mizrachim) are Jews from the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Caucasus; the name, which derives from the Hebrew word for ‘easterners,’ refers today, especially in Israel, to Jews from Muslim-majority lands, especially Arabic countries and Iran. There’s a slightly more detailed discussion of these and other Jewish populations in “Crypto-Jews: Legacy of Secrecy” (15 September 2009).]

“I’m interested in telling new stories that are relevant to our community, and thinking about that through an expansive lens,” Finn said. “The programming has been rather diverse in terms of how it looks at the mission, both around the complexity and nuance of Jewish identity, and also ethical questions of our time that sit in conversation with that.”

At Round House, a second Trump administration and attacks on DEI led to a “deepening of values,” according to Rilette, reminding them of their mission to be a “theatre for everyone.” Its upcoming season includes regional premieres of Alex Lin’s Chinese Republicans [2026] and Leslye Headland’s Cult of Love [2018], but last year’s production of Heidi Schreck’s What the Constitution Means to Me [2017] may be a telling example: Rilette programmed it before he knew the outcome of the 2024 election.

“If it were Kamala, it would be a strong feminist piece, and if it were Trump, it would be an anti-Trump piece, to a certain extent,” he said. Well, we all know how that went, but director Morgan Gould took it a step further: She asked Schreck to change the text to reflect more recent Supreme Court and presidential actions, so that at Round House, the play began at the moment Trump started signing a flurry of executive orders in January 2025.

In the last three years, Spooky Action’s Dinkova said she has been as interested in innovations in theatrical form as in content, and above all making work “that feels essential and necessary to conversations taking place in our city and the world.” She said she believes in “building solidarity around shared struggles. We need to invest in bigger movements.”

At Adventure, Boehm said, “We can’t, as a nonprofit, state our political beliefs, but through the art I want here, we can make a statement,” he said. He pointed to She Persisted [2019], Adam Tobin and Deborah Wicks La Puma’s stage adaptation of Chelsea Clinton’s book about American women trailblazers [She Persisted: 13 American Women Who Changed the World (Findaway World, 2019)], as “the perfect example of how we will make a statement, but not say, ‘Here’s the party I believe in.’”

Adventure dedicates its first slot every season to a new work, for which they apply for grants from the National Endowment for the Arts. It has paid off: When they applied with Not Your Mother’s Goose! [2025], an irreverent new take on nursery rhymes by Michael J. Bobbitt and Sandra Eskin, Boehm said he told his managing director, Sarah Chapin, “If they don’t fund Not Your Mother’s Goose!, what the hell are they funding?” They received the grant, and five Helen Hayes awards.

[The Helen Hayes Awards are Washington’s recognition of excellence in professional theater. Hayes (1900-93), known as the “First Lady of American Theatre,” was a native Washingtonian.]

Clearly, D.C. theatremakers are rising to the challenge of new work. When Rilette first arrived 15 years ago, he said that Washington Post critic Peter Marks told him, “We don’t have a lot of new work here the way that New York does,” believing it was “more challenging here.” Now, Rilette says, “I think that is changing. It seems like there are more and more world premieres, there’s more and more development taking place. That probably has to do with the fact that our theatres are continuing to get bigger at a time when [those in] other cities are struggling to survive.”

Community and Connection

According to Amy Austin, one key to D.C.’s strength is that its artists “don’t tend to look at each other as competitors, but as collaborators.” Indeed, despite a series of devastating losses—Capital Fringe [2005-19; 2022-24] and the Kennedy Center’s REACH residencies [2019-26], Page to Stage Festival [2001-19], and Local Theatre Festival [2023-25]—a hearteningly cooperative festival and new-work culture has emerged in their wake. 

[The Capital Fringe Festival ceased operation for financial reasons.  The Page to Stage Festival shut down because of COVID-19 and didn’t reopen; it was later replaced, however, by the Local Theatre Festival—but that was closed by the KC board in the turmoil that followed Trump’s take-over of the Center’s governing board.  The REACH residencies were suspended due to Trump’s precipitous closure of the Center for “renovations.”]

To wit, this past winter saw Ford’s A First Look festival and the Folger’s Reading Room Festival; Theater Alliance’s Hothouse Festival; Studio’s first New Pages, New Stages Festival with Arena, Theater Alliance, Theater J (come 2027, Olney Theatre Center, Spooky Action, and Woolly Mammoth join the mix), and Solas Nua; and Round House’s National Capital New Play Festival. May and June had Theater J’s “Festival of Favorites and Firsts” and Woolly’s Playwrights Group Showcase. Mosaic’s Engaged Theater Fund has been bringing community organizations to new-play readings. Olney’s Vanguard Arts Fund offering workshops for artists has also been a staple of the scene since 2017. And Capital Fringe has been revitalized as a new District Fringe since last summer.

For Studio Theatre’s Jess Chayes—who spearheaded New Pages, New Stages after joining as associate artistic director last fall—collaborating with partner theatres made a great welcome. In the future, they hope to partner with different theatres each year, including the small and mid-sized companies that are carving out new spaces, resources, and communities.

One area where D.C.’s new-work focus has been in particular danger has been in plays for young people, due to the suspension of Kennedy Center’s award-winning TYA [Theater for Young Audiences] company. But as in other sectors, artists aren’t taking it lying down. One former KCTYA staffer, Michelle Kozlak, has founded a new company, Joy Play Heart Productions, which will produce Fishing for Stars [March 2027], a nonverbal devised piece originally commissioned by KCTYA, at 1st Stage in Tysons, Virginia [a D.C. suburb], in March 2027; a national tour with TYA Tour Development Collective seed funding will follow.

[The Kennedy Center Theater for Young Audiences (KCTYA) was established in 1986. In October 2025, its full-time leadership departed due to the controversial restructuring (internal discord, severe budget cuts, and institutional downsizing under a new KC board) and ultimate physical shutdown of the entire Kennedy Center complex, and the upcoming seasons were officially defunded.]

“I spent most of the fall being so sad and in a grief place, not being able to move on with a job that I loved,” Kozlak said. “I thought: I could sit here and be sad, or I could do something about it.” Added Adventure’s Boehm of the loss of KCTYA: “It’s our house, and we will have it back. What happened is just egregiously wrong.”

As D.C.’s theatre artists continue to defy both the odds and the current regime, these words from Professor Woland’s Black Magic Rock Show, a production of Spooky Action [premiered, 2025], may provide inspiration:

When the real demons come for you, will you stay silent or will you sing? Sing! Will you lay down and take it or will you rise? Rise! Will you quit or will you fight? Fight!

[Professor Woland’s Black Magic Rock Show, directed and co-written by Elizabeth Dinkova with a book by Jesse Rasmussen, music by Michael Pemberton, and lyrics by Michael and Andrea Pemberton, is an anti-authoritarian rock musical inspired by Mikhail Bulgakov’s (1891-1940) banned 1930s Russian novel The Master and Margarita. It explores the potency of speaking truth to power, the triumph of love over oppression, and the reality that “manuscripts don’t burn.”  Its Spooky Action premiere won critical praise and several Helen Hayes Awards.]

[As I noted above, the second AT article on regional theater, covering the Los Angeles scene, will be posted on Thursday, 8 October 2026.  Please come back to ROT on that date to read the next installment of “A Tale of Three Cities.”]

[Daniella Ignacio is associate editor for American Theatre.  She is an arts journalist, actor, music director, and teaching artist in the D.C. area.  She also reviews for DC Theater Arts and Washington City Paper.]