Showing posts with label cosplay. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cosplay. Show all posts

25 July 2022

BroadwayCon

 

In olden days, before the dawn of the internet, Broadway lovers who lived out of town often starved.  They had to wait for the Sunday Times Arts & Leisure section to arrive on the following Wednesday, and wait for the vinyl of the latest musical to be available at the mall, and wait for the annual Tony Awards broadcast to try to sate their appetite.  Today, of course, theater geeks feast upon a buffet of instantaneous bliss, following their favorite shows and stars on social media, downloading scores and video clips before a show even opens, and building online communities to share in the spoils. 

That’s how Stan Friedman of New York Theatre Guide, a theater vet of many hats, introduced his “Impressions of BroadwayCon 2016 in New York City.”  Finally, to answer this crying (among theater freaks and Broadway superfans) need, came BroadwayCon, an annual three-day get-together of fans, producers and creators, artists, and musical theater devotees of all kinds and ages from all across the U.S.  So far, it’s withstood a blizzard and two years of a pandemic—but it’s survived and flourished.

BroadwayCon returned to in-person programming this summer after the 2021 edition took place virtually.  The theater enthusiasts’ expo was held from Friday, 8, to Sunday, 10 July 2022 at the Manhattan Center and the New Yorker Hotel in Manhattan’s Clinton neighborhood (what used to be called Hell’s Kitchen). 

The musical-theater convention was postponed this year from its usual January dates because of the surge of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 in New York City.  The 2022 edition of BroadwayCon was the first in-person gathering in two years; the 2020 BroadwayCon in January of that year was the last live gathering.

Launched in 2016, BroadwayCon has normally been held in January.  The first event was staged at the New York Hilton Midtown from 22 to 24 January 2016.  Louis Peitzman, New York-based deputy entertainment editor for BuzzFeed News, dubbed BroadwayCon 2016 “basically musical theater nerd heaven.”

The convention, which consists of performances from current shows, a preview of the upcoming season, panels and workshops, merchandise sales, keynotes, autograph and photo opportunities, and cosplay (which I discussed in a post on Rick On Theater last 22 June), was conceived and is run by Melissa Anelli and Stephanie Dornhelm and their company, Mischief Management, with the help of actor Anthony Rapp (original cast of Rent as well as the film adaptation; currently a regular on the streaming series Star Trek: Discovery on Paramount+).

Rapp recounts that the origin of BroadwayCon dates back to the first year Rent played on Broadway (29 April 1996-7 September 2008; previously Off-Broadway, 26 January-31 March 1996) when he met BroadwayCon co-creator Anelli, a big fan of the Jonathan Larson musical, at the stage door.

“I met Melissa when she was 16 [i.e., 1996], outside the Nederlander Theatre after Rent,” said the actor in Playbill.  

I started communicating with her and a bunch of other people, who were also active on AOL Rent chat boards.  [Remember the online service provider America Online?]  This was before ‘stage dooring’ became this hectic crazy thing.  Sometimes there were just a couple people outside the theatre.  Not hundreds like it is today.  I was 24 at the time, and I would talk to them and get to know them.

Rapp and Anelli formed a friendship and through Mischief Management, Anelli organized the annual Harry Potter conference LeakyCon (launched in 2009), which has now become GeekyCon (rebranded in 2014; on hiatus since 2016).  Rapp attended GeekyCon and performed a parody song about all the different fandoms, then Anelli and Dornhelm broached the idea of creating a convention aimed at the Broadway community modeled on the popular ComicCon.

(For those like me who’d never heard of GeekyCon, it was a convention for fans of sci-fi and fantasy films, television shows, and books.  Among these are such works as Doctor Who, Game of Thrones, The Hunger Games, Supernatural, The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings, as well as the Harry Potter books and movies.)

After the first BroadwayCon, the national theater magazine, Playbill, came on board to spread the word about the fandom confab.

The concept at the outset was not to make BroadwayCon an event directed by the theater industry, but a way for the fans to interact directly with the people who make theater.  Rapp explained:

It’s a chance for us to interact and share and contribute and give back.  When there’s a community that organizes around something that they’re passionate about, then it becomes special.  As a theatre artist, when we’re on stage, of course the applause is nice, but to directly interact and share with these people is very rewarding.  Rent was extraordinary and so was the community of fans who gathered around it, and I’d love other theatre artists to experience just a taste of that.

The actor also asserted that “part of the mission is to be charitable.”  Toward that end, a percentage of the ticket sales benefits Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS, a theater community nonprofit organization that raises funds for AIDS-related causes across the United States.

I’m sure Rapp is speaking the truth from his point of view, and that of many of the performers and other artists attend BroadwayCons for that reason, but let’s be honest: it’s a marketing dodge.  As the New York Times reported at the first BroadwayCon:

Broadway has always relied on word of mouth to sell tickets, but the industry—like film and television before it—has come to see special opportunity in loyal fans who come early (and, in some cases, often), share their enthusiasm on social media and ultimately persuade friends and family to shell out big dollars for seats.

Broadway producer, blogger, and writer Ken Davenport (Broadway revival of Godspell, 2011-12; the Tony Award-winning Best Musical Kinky Boots, 2013-19; and Deaf West Theatre’s Spring Awakening revival, 2015-16.) blogged about his observations on that first BroadwayCon:

Sure there was a blizzard.  And sure some of the panels were over-packed.

But overall, I’d give the very first BroadwayCon a [New York Times chief theater reviewer] Ben Brantley-sized rave.  [Brantley retired in October 2020.]

And here are five things I loved about it.

1.  If You Hold It, They Will Come.

My first appearance at The Con was on the first day, Friday, in the early afternoon.  And honestly, since I figured most of the attendees would be in their teens and early twenties, I didn’t expect a huge turnout.  #Wrong.  Fans (of all ages) were everywhere, and a Hamilton [Richard Rodgers Theatre, 6 August 2015-Present] karaoke party was already underway.  “Ok, ok,” I thought.  “So there are a lot of people here.  But surely there won’t be a ton at my session.  It’s about producing.  It’s not like we have Sutton Foster or a Newsie on the panel.”  #WrongAgain.  The Producing 101 Panel [Saturday, 23 January] was SRO, with people S-ing [sic] out in the lobby trying to hear how shows like Fun Home [Circle in the Square Theatre, 19 Apr 2015-10 September 2016; previously Off-Broadway], Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson [Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre, 13 October 2010-2 January 2011; previously Off-Broadway], and more came to be.  So not only did people come, but they came to celebrate every aspect of Broadway.

2.  The Stars Came Out To Con.

Part of the reason the people came, was that the stars came.  I remember thinking when it was announced that BroadwayCon’s success would depend on whether our industry went all in, or whether we kept an arm’s length.  And boy oh boy, did the biz jump in.  Lin-Manuel Miranda [playwright, actor, Hamilton], Sara Bareilles [composer-lyricist, actor, Waitress], Diane Paulus [director, The Gershwins' Porgy and Bess, Waitress], Adam Pascal [actor, Something Rotten!], Faith Prince [actor, Annie] . . . and on and on, all showed up . . . and showed up with smiles on their faces.  It was like an opening night party that the fans got a ticket to . . . and there was no long line at the buffet (ok, there wasn’t a buffet but you get it).  Cons like this were created to give the fans access to folks they only see on a stage, and BroadwayCon didn’t disappoint.

3.  The Average Age of the Attendees.

I hope BroadwayCon releases some demographic statistics about where these folks came from, how many shows they see per year, and how old they were.  My eyeball survey says that it’s a young crowd.  And sure, some folks might say, “Ken, they are not the traditional theatergoer, so you know that they’re not keeping your show or any show alive.  Broadway survives on the 44-year-old female who makes $250k a year.”  All that’s true, but I don’t see these conventions as a short term market.  While sure, they do help in the immediate (see #4), today’s twenty-something super fan, is tomorrow’s traditional theatergoer.  And if we can rev up their passion even more, not only will they make sure theater is an integral part of their adult life, but they will *be much more likely to pass that passion on to their children.  And thus, the theater tradition continues.

4.  Shows Sold Tickets.

Get hundreds and hundreds of theatergoers in one room and let them talk theater all day . . . and they want to go see theater.  And they did.  I overheard so many people saying, “I’m going to see the matinee of XXXX,” “I’m going to rush XXXX,” or “I’m seeing five shows this weekend!”  Now, obviously Blizzard Jonas effed up a lot of the theatergoing, but without a doubt BroadwayCon helped moved the ticket needle last weekend (I bet BroadwayCon could survey this year’s guests and find out a rough idea of how many did see shows last weekend).

[Blizzard Jonas was a massive snow storm that hit New York City on Friday, 22 January 2016, and by Saturday, had dumped 26.8 inches of snow on the city, making it the second-biggest snowstorm since 1869.  The city’s public transit system shut down and so did the area’s interstate bus systems.  The mayor and the governor urged people to stay home.]

5.  I Learned Stuff Too.

I was on panels with [producer, performer] Ted Chapin, [producer] Hal Luftig, [producer, theater-owner] Daryl Roth and more.  And I stopped in to other sessions and heard from [director] Bart[lett] Sher, [director, actor] Sam Gold, [actor, singer] Michael Cerveris and so many more.  I could have stayed there all day.  This is not a convention just for “stage door kids,” this is a convention for anyone and everyone who loves Broadway and who wants to learn.  And I’ll be making sure I clear more of my day next year to listen in.

BroadwayCon was a success just by happening.  But it exceeded my expectations in providing such a positive environment for the fans to find each other, and find new theater-loving friends . . . and not just the Facebook kind.  The real, “I meet you in person and don’t judge you by your photos,” friend.

The only thing that pissed me off about BroadwayCon was I kept thinking, “Why didn’t they have this when I was a super fan?”

Davenport is, of course, correct about the demographics of the Broadway audience versus the crowd at BroadwayCon.  The New York Times cites some of statistics of the convention attendees: “Nearly 80 percent of the registrants are female; 75 percent are from outside the state of New York; and 50 percent are 30 or younger.”

In their reports on the first-ever BroadwayCon, National Public Radio (NPR) spotlighted three teen Instagram friends and Broadway fans, two 14-year-olds from Grand Rapids, Michigan, and New York City, and a 13-year-old from Los Angeles, and the Times interviewed a 19-year-old Swedish Broadway devotee.

Damian Bazadona, the president of the digital marketing firm Situation Interactive, asserts,

There is a generational divide in understanding what BroadwayCon is aiming to be.  Some think it is a bunch of theater nerds in a room, but some think this is the future of audience development.

Indeed, some of the participants come to BroadwayCon, just as they do to conventions for other industries, to sell their product and create marketing buzz.  The fans, though, have various other motives.

Some come to meet their favorite actors, directors, composers, or other artists; others are there to collect merchandise and mementoes—although, there’s no reason convention-goers can’t come to do both.  Some fans, who are incipient theater artists and are looking for a Broadway break, are there for career tips, to make friends and network, or to cosplay.

Cosplay has been part of BroadwayCon since the first one.  The Theatre Development Fund (TDF – the non-profit corporation that operates the discount ticket booths in Duffy Square and various other locations and is dedicated to assisting the theater industry in New York City) booth had actual Broadway costumes fans could try on, but many attendees arrived dressed as characters from The Phantom of the Opera (currently the longest running show in Broadway history) and Sweeney Todd, the witches of Wicked, a coupla newsies, Hamilton’s King George, and Hairspray’s Tracy Turnblad.

Frank DiLella, the entertainment journalist who’s the host of On Stage on Spectrum News NY1, the New York City cable news channel’s weekly half-hour theater program, characterized the BroadwayCon cosplayers:

Some of the most amazing theatre costumes by fans were certainly present at BroadwayCon.  I will never forget that there were these two twins from out of town dressed as the Side Show [conjoined twins Violet and Daisy Hilton – 1997-98; revived 2014-15] sisters . . . .

In BuzzFeed, Louis Peitzman asserted:

Cosplay is a highlight at any convention, whether you’re participating or merely people-watching. . . . 

Never have I recognized more coslay than I did at BroadwayCon . . . .  It’s hard to describe the sheer delight of coming face-to-face with a Medium Alison from Fun Home.  I know you.  I knoooow you.

Costumed convention-goers (as well as those dressed in audience mufti) could create a Broadway keepsake by posing for a photo in front of a giant mock-up of the Playbill cover.

Among the other events of the first BroadwayCon, some planned and some unscheduled, were an impromptu fan Hamilton sing-along, a class on “Life Lessons in Musical Theatre” by Melissa Errico (My Fair Lady, Irving Berlin’s White Christmas), and a master class by Rebecca Luker (Phantom, The Sound of Music, The Music Man; Luker died of ALS in 2020).

There was a 20-year reunion of the original cast of Rent, attended not just by the cast, but people close to the show, including Jonathan Larson’s sister, Julie Larson, and New York Theatre Workshop artistic director Jim Nicola, the producer of the Off-Broadway début of the play.

Rent, because of the 20th anniversary of its Broadway opening, plus Hamilton, which had opened both Off-Broadway and then on Broadway in the year leading up to BroadwayCon 1, and the Deaf West hearing-deaf hybrid revival of Spring Awakening, which had just opened in 2015 and closed on 24 January 2016, the closing Sunday of the BroadwayCon weekend, were heavily spotlighted during the exposition.

At the Hamilton panel on Friday evening, 22 January, a hugely popular event, the interviewer asked if any of the cast had ever rapped before being cast in the hit Off-Broadway-to-Broadway musical.  Several had, but near the end of the session, creator and star Lin-Manuel Miranda improvised an impromptu rap off a typo in the real-time transcription of the session shown on video screens in the room.

Because the blizzard had closed down the city’s and the region’s transportation systems, many performers scheduled to contribute to the festivities couldn’t get there, last-minute substitutes came in.  Idina Menzel, the original Elphaba in Wicked, agreed to participate as a speakerphone guest on a pop-up event called The Broadway Party Line.  BroadwayCon organizers took the stage with their contact lists and proceeded to phone friends in the biz.  They dialed up A-listers like Betty Buckley, Patti LuPone, Joel Grey, and Audra McDonald who answered questions and chatted.

Rock star Krysta Rodriguez, who was scheduled for a 20-minute gig at the late-night cabaret on Saturday/Sunday, stepped up and gave a two-hour concert when the other scheduled performers couldn’t make it.

(The snowstorm also closed down the Broadway theaters, which canceled performances on Saturday for both the matinee and evening shows.  BroadwayCon offered $20 tickets for anyone who had seats that day for cancelled performances.  BroadwayCon’s 2016 regular entrance fees included a $95 Day Pass for full access to all convention programs and a $50 Explorer Pass, which granted admission only to the BroadwayCon Marketplace—the merch vendors.)

Other events included a game modeled on TV’s Family Feud (with actors and fans) and panels on lighting design and stage management.  On Friday afternoon, an original musical number created for the opening ceremony was presented, establishing a BroadwayCon tradition.  Here’s how that special event was hyped in the official schedule:

Another op’nin’. . . no, actually, it’s our first opening.  [For any of you who don’t recognize that lyric, it’s a ref to one of Broadway’s all-time favorite paeans to show business, “Another Op’nin’ Another Show” from Cole Porter’s Kiss Me, Kate, 1948.  The other Broadway anthem is Irving Berlin’s “(There’s No Business Like) Show Business” from Annie Get Your Gun, 1946.]  The first-ever opening for the first-ever BroadwayCon.  We can’t tell you what’s going to happen, because it’s all a big surprise.  You can, however, expect singing, dancing, laughter, cameos from some of your favorite guests, a lot of tomfoolery, and who knows what else. . . .

BuzzFeed’s Peitzman limned the opening event:

You know what makes me happy?  When there is a deep-cut reference to the musical The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee [2005-08] and the auditorium erupts in cheers.  That does not happen at other conventions.  That has likely never happened before, anywhere.  The BroadwayCon opening was a charming performance filled with song parodies and assorted other references that ranged from the obvious (lots of Hamilton) to the more obscure (Honeymoon in Vegas [January-April 2015], anyone?).  This hourlong musical was a sure sign that I was in the right place . . . .

The template established in 2016 has been followed at all BroadwayCons since (with the obvious exception of the 2021 online expo).  This includes last-minute, seat-of-the-pants changes to the announced schedule—even when there was no storm.

Let’s jump ahead to this year’s conference earlier this month and look at BroadwayCon 2022. 

On Thursday, 6 January, Mischief Management announced that the seventh annual BroadwayCon, originally scheduled for 18-20 February, following Broadway’s year-and-a-half shutdown, would be delayed until 8-10 July due to the Omicron variant surge.

Arguably, the most prominent guest to appear this year was former FLOTUS, U.S. Secretary of State, and 2016 Democratic nominee for President of the United State Hillary Rodham Clinton.  A certified Broadway enthusiast, Clinton moderated a panel on Friday afternoon, 8 July, called “Here’s to the Ladies” on legendary women of Broadway.

The panel members were actors Vanessa Williams (Kiss of the Spider Woman, Into the Woods), Julie White (The Little Dog Laughed, Sylvia), LaChanze (Once on This Island, The Color Purple), and Donna Murphy (Passion, The King and I). 

The panel discussed the unique challenges women face in the workplace in general, but specifically dealt with the theater.  Clinton asked the panelists how many women directors they’d worked with, and the answers were unsurprisingly low.  The actors addressed the unique perspective women have in the arts.

Other presenters at BroadwayCon 2022 included Rent stars Rapp and Freddie Walker-Browne, four-time Tony nominee Judy Kuhn (Les Misérables, Chess, She Loves Me, Fun Home), three-time Tony nominee Carolee Carmello (Parade, Lestat, Scandalous), Olivier winner Lesli Margherita (Zorro, West End, 2008-09; U.S. performances in Salt Lake City, 2012, and Atlanta, 2013), Jacqueline B. Arnold (Moulin Rouge!), Andrew Barth Feldman (Dear Evan Hansen), Thayne Jasperson (Hamilton), Erin Quill (Avenue Q), Ryann Redmond (Frozen), Nik Walker (Ain’t Too Proud), iTunes celebrity-interview podcast Little Known Facts host Ilana Levine, author Jennifer Ashley Tepper of The Untold Stories of Broadway (2013-21, series—four volumes to date—of anecdotes by theater pros about Broadway theaters, productions, and personalities).

Attendees heard from casts, crews, and creative artists from shows currently running on The Great White Way.  As in past years, BroadwayCon 2022 featured a line-up of question-and-answer sessions with the stars of Broadway shows, live performances by members of the casts, sing-along sessions for the fans, and more from hit Broadway shows such as A Strange Loop (opened at the Lyceum Theatre, 26 April; Tonys for Best Musical and Best Book of a Musical), POTUS (Shubert Theatre, 27 April-14 August), Disney Princess – The Concert (touring since 2021 to venues across the U.S. and around the world), and Dear Evan Hansen (Music Box Theatre, 4 December 2016-18 September 2022; 2017; Tonys for Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical, and Best Original Score Written for the Theatre).

(For those, like me, who aren’t in the know, Disney Princess – The Concert is a composite revue of songs sung by the heroines from Disney animated features such as Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora [from Sleeping Beauty], Ariel [The Little Mermaid], Belle [Beauty and the Beast], Jasmine [Aladdin], and more.  It began in 2015 as Broadway Princess Party, a small concert at Feinstein’s/54 Below in New York City.  The performers are Broadway stars, many from the stage productions of the Disney shows.

(Despite its New York City origins, there have been no performances in venues in the city, though concerts have been mounted in nearby New Jersey and Upstate New York.  The remainder of the 2022 tour includes stops in Red Bank on the New Jersey shore, and Brookville, New York, on Long Island.)

On Friday afternoon, the 8th, there was the “BroadwayCon First Look” presentation, a showcase of the newest and most talked-about shows of the season.  Many a Broadway performance débuted at BroadwayCon’s sneak peek, in this case, David Lindsay-Abaire and Jeanine Tesori’s Kimberly Akimbo, due at the Booth Theatre in November.

Also at “First Look” was an introduction of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, coming to the Hudson Theatre in October, presented by actors Wendell Pierce and André Deshields, who will be appearing as Willy Loman and Uncle Ben in the production which looks at the story from the perspective of an African-American family.  (Pierce won an Olivier Award for his performance in the 2019 London run of the production.)

As of now, there’s no official word on BroadwayCon 2023, not even the dates, much less the guests or the schedule.  It looks like the confab will take place in summer again, and at a different location from the New Yorker Hotel/Manhattan Center, but that’s all I’ve been able to suss out for the present.  The best source of information is the website, https://www.broadwaycon.com/, which promises that details about the next BroadwayCon will be coming soon.  Interested theater fans can sign up for news and updates by e-mail.

New York Theatre Guide’s Friedman observed after he wound up his BroadwayCon turn in 2016 that “it is hard, even for a New York theater critic, not to leave BroadwayCon without an overwhelming sense of optimism about the future.”  His conclusion may well apply to all the BroadwayCons that followed:

Broadway, by definition, is a small planet, with a population only as large as the 40 professional [Broadway] theaters in Manhattan can employ.  [There are also 62 Off-Broadway theaters in New York City that employ theater pros.]  But this conference has shown it to be a planet with a million moons: retirees from Iowa, fangirls from Texas, community theater techies, Ivy League scholars, podcasters and future chorus boys.  All of them hungry as Audrey II [the carnivorous plant from Little Shop of Horrors] to taste whatever comes next on the Great White Way.  Here’s hoping that BroadwayCon finds a path to a long run, to keep everybody fed.  

In other words: There’s no business like show business / Like no business I know!


22 June 2022

Cosplay

 

[About 2½ weeks ago, my friend Kirk e-mailed me that he’d gone to see a middle school show (no, he didn’t say what made him do that), and he commented that one eighth-grade actress impressed him.  He reported that her program bio said she does cosplay.  Kirk added, “If you don't know what that is, look it up.  I had to.”  (We’re both a couple of old codgers—though I don’t know that Kirk would appreciate my including him in that remark.)

[“I do know what cosplay is,” I huffed a little in response, “generally speaking.”  As a second thought, I added, “It occurs to me that it’s a suitable subject for a blog post . . . .  I’ll have to look into this.”

[Kirk went on to say that his son and daughter-in-law knew about cosplay—but they’re a couple of Millennials.  “If you do a blog piece on it,” my friend concluded, “I'll learn too!”

[So I did . . . and here it is!]

So, for those who don’t already know, what is cosplay?  One waggish website described it this way:

Think Halloween costume but all year-round and then dial it up to 11—that sort of comes close to what cosplay is.  

Not a bad description, especially if you’ve ever seen New York City’s Greenwich Village Halloween Parade.  The Coney Island Mermaid Parade, held annually in June (the 40th parade was held on 18 June 2022) comes in a close second—or maybe it’s a tie. 

Cosplay is a performance art in which the participants dress in costumes and make-up—many quite elaborate and, I believe, mostly homemade (or, at least, assembled by the wearer)—representing characters or concepts from Japanese anime and manga, Western comic books, graphic novels, video games, television shows, and films, in venues apart from the stage. 

Some cosplay enthusiasts spend hundreds, even thousands of dollars on custom-made outfits for events, many more invest time and creativity, using cheap materials and household items to transform themselves into characters of heroic, superhuman, or mythical proportions.

In addition to creating authentic costumes, the participants also act in character, or ‘role-play,’ copying their mannerisms and gestures and are usually subject matter experts on the characters they are personating. 

Cosplay embraces a wide diversity of character sources, many representing American comic book, movie, and video game characters.  Popular sources include Disney, Marvel, and D.C. comics; Lucas Films spin-off books and comics; Blizzard Games, and Bethesda Games.

Though originating in Japan, cosplay participants in the United States (and elsewhere, including Japan) use sources other than anime and manga for their character choices.  At conventions, you’re likely to see Sailor Moon, Batman, Cloud, Luke Skywalker, and Thor attending the same panel discussions. 

The age range for cosplay encompasses young children, preteens and teens, young adults, and older grown-ups.  Convention attendees sometimes include whole families.  Characters range across all ages, genders, races, and sectors of the galaxy and universe.

There’s also considerable cross-racial and -gender costuming (the latter is known as ‘crossplay’), which can cause some tension, though seldom is it meant to be demeaning or insulting.  Participants just dress up as the characters they admire, irrespective of race or gender.  Occasionally, that exercises someone else taking part in the event.

The point of cosplay is to portray a character.  A cosplayer can do this ‘accurately’ by copying a character’s exact look, down to the details, and mimicking his behavior and demeanor.  She or he can also put her or his own individual spin on the character.  Some cosplayers even invent their own characters, rather than draw on one from fiction.

Let’s do a little lexicography.

First, the word ‘cosplay’ is a portmanteau word, a blend of words in which parts of multiple words are combined into a new word, from ‘costume’ + ‘play.’  Oddly, it came to English from the Japanese word kosupure, short for kosuchumupure, which in turn was borrowed from the English words ‘costume’ and ‘(role) play,’ reportedly introduced in print in 1984 (some sources say 1983) in an issue of the magazine Mai Anime/My Anime.

Second, the word in English can be used as a noun, an attributive noun (a noun used like an adjective), an intransitive verb (i.e., without an object), or a transitive verb (with an object):

  noun: In cosplay, a good costume is as much about creativity as it is about the outcome.

   attributive noun: My nephew is a big cosplay fan.

   intransitive verb: They cosplayed for hours at a time.

   transitive verb: She said she has cosplayed other women in science fiction or fantasy.

Someone who engages in cosplay is a ‘cosplayer.’

Whoa celebrity news and entertainment weekly magazine published in Australia, included in one of its articles I read a little primer it called “How To Do Cosplay”; I think I’ll insert it here:

1.  Pick a character or concept you want to dress up as.  Consider your favourite comics, TV shows, and movies.  You can even dress up as a meme!

2.  Choose the ‘style’ you want to do your costume in.  Are you going to copy the character/concept as accurately as possible?  Or do you want to do a special ‘version’ of it, like a steampunk version, sexy version, gender-swapped version, etc.?

3.  Shop for your costume pieces.  You can check out sites like Ezcosplay for cosplay-specific items, or you can go to your nearest mall/clothing store to build it from scratch.  If you have money to spare, you can pay a cosplayer or costume-maker to make the outfit and props for you.

4.  OPTIONAL: If you want to take your cosplay to the next level, practice ‘acting’ as the character.  It doesn’t need to be perfect, but at least try to get their moves or poses down for the photos.

Now, let’s have a brief look at the history of cosplay.  (This survey is largely based on a chronology on the website for Whothe Aussie entertainment magazine.  It was posted in 2014, so it only goes up to 2013.)

Though most histories of cosplay start in the second third of the 20th century, when it was called, simply, “costuming” or “fan costuming.”  Who, in a separate post from the timeline I mentioned, links the practice to roots in early 15th-century carnivals where people dressed up as objects, concepts, famous historical figures, or popular characters from fiction or stage plays.  (Wikipedia also starts here.)

I’m skeptical of this connection as a substantive forebear of today’s cosplay, since humans have been dressing up for any number of purposes since they first crawled out of the sea.  The drive to dress up is surely as old as human society itself.  The first costumed performance must have occurred the first time a Neanderthal hunting party put on animal skins and danced around the campfire to replay the day’s success.

Later, the animals and hunters in the dances were supplemented with gods and spirits, heroes and adversaries, all appropriately garbed and masked, and the stories became plots or scenarios, and plays were invented.  Along the way, one can certainly imagine that other costumed performances, or performative events, were conceived like pageants and, yes, the precursors of cosplay.

As I said, Wikipedia also invokes the 15th-century European carnivals as the initiation of cosplay.  The online encyclopedia then moves the off-stage costuming impulse—working in the theater, despite the dressing-up, isn’t cosplay, though it might be hard to verbalize the distinction—to the late 19th century with the costume party and the fancy-dress party.

I don’t think the costume party is as popular today as it was a couple of generations ago.  It did continue well into the 20th century; I remember my parents attending several when I was little—there are even photos I still have of a few of the occasions when they left the house dressed as someone or other.

Then Wikipedia conjured up an event of which I’d never even heard, but which sounds like a Victorian-era precursor of the science fiction conventions I’ll be writing about shortly.  In 1891, a man named Herbert Tibbits conceived of what would today be described as a “cosplay” event held from 5-10 March in London.  It was called the Vril-Ya Bazaar and Fete, based on an 1871 science fiction novel, The Coming Race by Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803-73), and its characters.

Tibbets organized the fete to raise money for a London hospital of which he was the founder.  It had all the earmarks, however, of the first sci-fi convention, and serves very nicely as the antecedent of the conventions of the 20th and 21st centuries.

The documented history of cosplay, according to Who magazine, starts with 1939, when Forrest J. Ackerman (1916-2008), whom the magazine dubbed “perhaps the greatest fan of science fiction who ever lived.”  He went to the first World Science Fiction Convention, or Worldcon (2-4 July 1939 in New York City), dressed in “futuristicostume” and “strode the streets looking like a proto-superhero” speaking Esperanto with the designer of his costume, Myrtle Douglas.  He’s believed to be the first sci-fi fan to attend a conference in costume.

A year later in Chicago (1-2 September 1940), the first Worldcon masquerade took place.  According to Mike Resnick (1942-2020), sci-fi writer, in his book . . . Always a Fan (‎Wildside Press, 2009), “for the first couple of decades it was actually a masquerade ball.” There was a band, drinks, and dancing, with prizes handed out at the end of the night.

17 years after he cosplayed at the first Worldcon, Ackerman returned to the convention to report for Fantastic Universe, a science fiction magazine.  By 1956, wearing costumes was so well established that, Ackerman wrote: “Monsters, mutants, scientists, spacemen, aliens, and assorted ‘Things’ thronged the ballroom floor . . . .”  

By the early ’60s, Resnick wrote, “a number of fans spent considerable time—weeks, sometimes months—preparing their costumes.”  In 1963, Bruce Pelz (1936-2002), a sci-fi fan described by Resnick as “the most creative” costumer, attended Worldcon (31 August-2 September in Washington, D.C.) as Fafhrd from the Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser stories (1958-88), about an unlikely pair of heroes found in and around a city on an alien world, written by fantasy legend Fritz Leiber (1910-92).

The first Comic-Con was held at the U. S. Grant Hotel in San Diego (a one-day event called San Diego’s Golden State Comic-Con on 21 March 1970).  Three hundred people attended, but costuming didn’t play a prominent role at the event.

In 1971, someone showed up at Worldcon in a nude costume for the first time in over two decades.  Resnick wrote that after that, “throughout the 1970s and 1980s there were half a dozen or so nude costumes every year.”  (A “nude costume” is what you probably imagine: not actual nudity, but a costume—perhaps a skin-colored body-stocking or appropriately decorated bits of clothing that give the impression of nakedness.)

Resnick reported in 1974 that Worldcon (29 August-2 September in Washington) masquerades had grown to more than 100 participants each year.  In its fourth year, San Diego Comic-Con (31 July-5 August 1974), as it was then known, began staging its own masquerade.  

A report in 1975 in Germany’s Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung described sci-fi conventions as “largely devoted to costume dances, parties, and mutual flattery.”

In 1980, the manga series Urusei Yatsura was released in Japan and along with the 1979 TV series Mobile Suit Gundam, helps popularize cosplay in Japan—though the word hadn’t been coined yet.

By 1982, the Worldcon (2-6 September in Chicago) masquerades were so popular, Resnick wrote, that organizers separated the competition into three categories: novice, journeyman, and master.

The inaugural Costume-Con was held in San Diego on 14-16 January 1983.  The new convention, which invited costumes depicting “anime, comics, video games, fantasy, sci-fi, theatrical/film/TV costumes, millinery, fursuits, and more,” took costuming from the sidelines and made it the main attraction.  (Fursuits, for the uninitiated, are custom-made animal costumes worn—and often designed—by cosplayers and members of the “furry fandom,” commonly known as “furries.”)

A Japanese reporter and manga publisher was the first to use the term ‘cosplay’ in print in 1984 after attending Worldcon, also known as L.A.con II (30 August-3 September) in Anaheim, California.  Captain Tsubasa, a manga about a soccer team was published the same year and increased cosplay’s popularity in Japan because it’s easy to dress up like a soccer player.

With the term “cosplay” yet to infiltrate the US, the Los Angeles Times described the Worldcon (28 August-1 September 1986 in Atlanta) masquerade as “much like a fashion show,” which “brought out master craftsmen who had spent hundreds of hours producing costumes that could grace a film with a $38-million budget, and novice consumers who use a minimum of materials.”

On NBC’s hit comedy Friends in 1996, Ross admitted to a fantasy likely shared by most straight men his age: Return of the Jedi era Princess Leia in a gold bikini (“The One with the Princess Leia Fantasy”; Season 3, Episode 1; 19 September).  Rachel complied with the request and even threw in some side hair buns for good measure.

The wildly popular anime Sailor Moon aired for the last time on TV Asahi in Japan in 1997.  According to the Japan Times, it “inspired a gazillion cosplayers to don Japanese schoolgirl miniskirts, prudence be damned.”

The first cosplay cafe opened in Akihabara, Tokyo, in 1999.  Many more followed throughout Toyo and Osaka.

Dengeki Layers, a magazine targeting the Japanese cosplay community launched in 2003.

The first World Cosplay Summit was held in Nagoya, Japan, on 12 October 2003.  Cosplayers from four countries, Germany, France, Italy, and Japan, participated in the festivities.

Jessica Nigri (b. 1989), an American-New Zealand cosplayer, promotional and glamour model, YouTuber, voice actress, and fan convention interview correspondent, was photographed at San Diego Comic-Con (23-26 July 2009) in a sexy Pikachu costume.  The photo went viral as she began her ascension as one of the biggest cosplay celebrities in the world.

The reality competition Heroes of Cosplay premièred on Syfy on 13 August 2013.  Despite heavy criticism from the cosplay community, the series was a modest ratings success, with its première drawing three-quarters of a million viewers.  No further contests were scheduled to be aired in the ensuing years, however.

This history of cosplay focused on various conventions and related events.  Who magazine, though, considers other activities, of most of which we’ve all heard for years, they include under the rubric of cosplay: live action-role playing events, historical reenactments, Renaissance fairs, game enactments like Dungeons & Dragons, and so on.

Back in cosplay’s early days, even up to the early 2000s, anything that smacked of geekiness or nerdiness like comics and cosplaying was considered uncool.  Non-cosplayers didn’t see the appeal and teased and bullied cosplayers—and not just kids.   

Today, however, the cosplay community is bigger than it ever has been.  Not only are more people getting into cosplay, but cosplay itself is becoming more and more lucrative.  Top-level cosplayers like Jessica Nigri, whom I mentioned earlier, and others such as Enji Night (b. 1991) and Hana Bunny (b. 1990) get paid (quite a bit, I gather) to dress up, appear at cons, and even promote products.

One thing, a (usually) costumed performance, that’s not cosplay, is—as I said earlier—theater.  Since this post started because a young actor declared that she also did cosplay, maybe I should try to distinguish between the two performative endeavors.  Let’s see if I can articulate the distinction.

As we’ve seen, the main aim of cosplaying is to create a character.  That’s the point of the whole effort.

You’d think (if you didn’t know better) that that’s also what an actor does.  Well, yes, he or she does create a character.  But that’s not the whole point of his or her job.  It’s just a means to a larger end.

As an actor in a play—and for the purposes of this examination, I’m assuming a traditional play, with a script—I have to create a character in order to bring the play to life, to tell the playwright’s story, make her or his point.  My character isn’t an independent entity, he lives through and for the world of the play—and the other characters. 

When a cosplayer interacts with another costumed character, they respond to one another according to each character’s persona—as the cosplayer has seen it.  But that’s really all—the cosplayers will try to behave in line with the way they believe their characters will react if they were real, but there’s no deeper context.

As an actor, I have to have understood my character’s purpose within the world of the play, my ‘role’ in that world.  I’m trying to accomplish something with respect to the play and the other characters—I don’t get to do whatever I feel like.  Cosplayers can: they are free to do what they feel like, including walk away.

I’m bound to a score, much like a musician is.  In the case of the actor, I’ve developed my own score, with the help of the playwright and the director (who don’t exist in cosplay).  In essence, with those other artists, I invent my character—even if it’s Hamlet or Oedipus, who’ve been around for hundreds of years.  My Hamlet or my Oedipus is not the same as all the others; I’m not trying to replicate a figure from another medium.  I invented my character; I’m not trying to be true to a template.

All this makes a costumed actor in a play different from a costumed cosplayer at a convention.  To further distinguish what I do from what they do, that costume I wear isn’t of my own devising, or my choice.  I have to make it mine, but after others have decided what it’ll look like. 

Of course, the words I say on stage aren’t mine—though I have to make them mine.  The movements I make aren’t mine either—but I have to make them mine, too.

And, on top of all that, I have to do and say the same things tomorrow night that I did and said tonight.  I’ve been doing and saying the same things for weeks—even though I have to make then seem like I’d never done or said them before.  The cosplayer doesn’t have that burden, either.

So, that, I think, is why acting in a play is not cosplay, even though actors and cosplayers both wear costumes and play characters.  Besides, the cosplayer tends to stick with the same character, if not forever, then for a long time.  The stage actor “in his time plays many parts,” as Shakespeare told us. 

(There’s a 1982 teleplay, based on a Kurt Vonnegut story, called Who Am I This Time? that takes off from the phenomenon of actors changing roles and “becoming” different people.  It aired on the Public Broadcasting Service’s American Playhouse.)